CONTENT REVIEW

How many forms of patient ID are necessary before beginning procedure?

2

True or False: patients are allowed to withdraw consent at any time

True

What is libel?

Written damage

What is slander?

Spoken damage

What does PHI stand for?

Protected Health Information

What does the circulatory system consist of?

Blood, blood vessels, and heart

As blood goes through vessels, what does it deliver to the cells?

Oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and enzymes

What is the function of the heart?

It maintains blood circulation and supports every system in the body

How many layers does the heart have?

3

What is the innermost layer of the heart?

Endocardium

What is the function of the innermost layer of the heart?

It consists of a single layer of endothelial cells which line the chamber and valves

What is the middle layer of the heart?

Myocardium

What is the function of the middle layer of the heart?

It is made of contractile tissue and creates pressure to pump blood

What is the outer layer of the heart?

Epicardium

What is the function of the outermost layer of the heart?

It covers and protects it

How many chambers does the heart have?

4

What does the right side of the heart consist of?

Right atrium (upper) and right ventricle (lower)

What does the left side of the heart consist of?

Left atrium (upper) and left ventricle (lower)

What is the valve that directly connects to the right atrium and right ventricle?

Tricuspid valve

What is the valve that directly connects to the left atrium and left ventricle?

Bicuspid valve

Do the right and left sides of the heart connect?

No, they function as two individual pumps

What is the function of the right side of the heart?

To send blood to the lungs

What is the function of the left side of the heart?

To send blood to the rest of the body

How many valves does the heart have?

4

What is the function of the valves in the heart?

They open and close to regulate blood flow and prevent overflow in the chambers

Where does oxygenated blood flow?

From the lungs to the body

Where does deoxygenated blood flow?

From the lungs to the veins

Step 1 in blood flow:

Deoxygenated blood from the body enters the right atrium through the superior and inferior venae cavae

Step 2 in blood flow:

Blood flows through tricuspid valve into right ventricle

Step 3 in blood flow:

Right ventricle pumps blood through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery, which caries it to the lungs

Step 4 in blood flow:

In the lungs, blood picks up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide

Step 5 in blood flow:

The now oxygen rich blood returns to left atrium via pulmonary veins

Step 6 in blood flow:

Flows through the bicuspid valve into the left ventricle

Step 7 in blood flow:

The left ventricle pumps the blood through the aortic valve in the aorta

Step 8 in blood flow:

The blood circulates through the arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, delivering oxygen and nutrients to the body while collecting waste products

Step 9 in blood flow:

The deoxygenated blood returns to the right atrium through the veins, completing the circulatory loop

What is the process for pulmonary circulation?

Heart —→ Lungs —→ Heart

What is the process for systematic circulation?

Heart —→ Body

What are the 5 types of blood vessels?

Arteries, arterioles, veins, venules, capillaries

What are the three components of blood?

Plasma, red and white blood cells, and platelets

Why is proper coagulation important?

For healing and preventing excessive bleeding

What % of plasma makes up total blood volume in the body?

55%

True or False: blood naturally clots unless it is collected in a tube with an anticoagulant

True

What does blood yield if it is clotted?

Serum

What does blood yield when not clotted due to an anticoagulant?

Plasma

What is the remaining percentage of blood, besides plasma?

Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

What is the buffy coat?

A thin layer of white blood cells and platelets that seperate plasma and red blood cells

What do red blood cells contain and what is their role?

They contain hemoglobin, their role is they have an oxygen carrying protien and transport O2 and remove CO2

What is the role of white blood cells?

To protect the body from infection

What are the 5 types of white blood cells?

Monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

What is the role of a thrombocyte?

To aid with blood coagulation and critical for wound healing due to help with repairing damaged blood cells

How many prominent veins are there in the Antecubital Fossa?

3

What is the vein associated with the middle finger and #1 priority?

Median Cubital Vein

What is the vein associated with the thumb and #2 priority?

Cephalic Vein

What is the vein associated with the pinky and is the #3 priority?

Basilic Vein

Which vein in the AC is closest to the brachial artery?

Basilic Vein

How is blood classified?

Through the presence/absence of two antigens in red blood cells

How many major blood groups are there?

4

What antigen does blood group A have?

Antigen A

What antigen does blood group B have?

Antigen B

What antigen does blood group AB have?

Antigen A & Antigen B

What antigen does blood group O have?

No antigen

What is present if a blood group is (+) ?

RH protein

Is there a protein present if a blood group is (-)?

No

What is the universal blood donor?

O-

What is the universal blood recipient?

AB+

How many major systems does the human body have?

11

What is the integumentary system?

Hair, skin, nails

How many layers does the skin have?

3

What is the outermost layer of the skin?

Epidermis

What is the function of the outermost layer of the skin?

It is where skin pigment is produced?

What is the middle layer of the skin?

Dermis

What is the function of the middle layer of the skin?

It is where the nerves, lymph nodes, blood vessels are, where we feel sensation, our immune response, and nutrients present

What is the innermost layer of the skin?

Subcutaneous

What is the function of the innermost layer of the skin?

It is where adipose tissue is, provides insulation, cushion, and energy storage

What is the nervous system?

The central communication hub of the body

The somatic part of the nervous system is in charge of…

Voluntary movements

The autonomic part of the nervous system is in charge of…

Involuntary movements

The central nervous system consists of…

The brain, spinal cord, and cerebrospinal fluid

The peripheral nervous system consists of…

Nerves connected to the central nervous system, and everything else

What is the function of the muscular system?

It provides strength and support to the body while also serving as a heat source

What are the three types of muscles?

Cardiac (heart), Skeletal (voluntary, attached to bones), Smooth (digestive track and autonomic)

What does the urinary system consist of?

Bladder, urethra, two ureters, two kidneys

What is the primary function of the urinary system?

To filter, store, and eliminate waste products from the body

What is the role of the kidneys?

To help maintain water and electrolyte balance

Where should tests that are classified as moderate to high complex be performed in?

Certified labs

What is the ratio of bleach to water that needs to be used if blood spill occurs?

1:10

What are some examples of bloodborne pathogens?

Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and HIV

Order of Donning PPE?

Gown, mask, goggles/face shield, gloves

Order of Doffing PPE?

Gloves, goggles/face shield, gown, mask

What does the venipuncture process begin with?

An order from a provider

True or False: verbal permission does not need to be obtained from patient before venipuncture is performed

False

How long should the tourniquet be left on for?

60 sec

What gauge is the orange capped needle?

25 G

What gauge is the blue capped needle?

23 G

What gauge is the black capped needle?

22 G

What gauge is the green capped needle?

21 G

What gauge is the yellow capped needle?

20 G

True or False: higher gauge needles are smaller in size

True

What are some procedures you would use a higher gauge needle for?

Skin tests and insulin