EMT Chapter 10 (Respiration and Artificial Ventilation

Ventilation

The mechanical process of moving air in and out of the lungs

Inhalation

the active process of chest expanding and the diaphragm contracts while negative pressure pulls air into lungs

Exhalation

the passive process of chest muscles and diaphragm relaxing while positive pressure pushes air out of lungs

Tidal Volume

the amount of air moved in one breath

Ventilation is designed to move air to what?

Alveoli

What is the term used for air that doesn’t reach the alveoli?

Dead space

What forms at the end of bronchiole tubes?

Alveoli

What brings blood close to alveoli?

Pulmonary Capillaries

Pulmonary Respiration

the diffusion of oxygen and CO2 between alveoli and circulating blood

Oxygen makes us 20% of the lungs, what mainly makes the rest?

Nitrogen

What carries oxygen in blood?

Hemoglobin

Hypoxia

a low level of oxygen function

Hypercapnia

high levels of CO2

What stimulates your body to compensate for faster or slower breathing?

Chemoreceptors

Blood vessel constriction increases…

Blood Pressure

What maximum flow would you apply to an 8 year-old child receiving O2 therapy via a high flow nasal cannula?

20 L/min

Your patient is going into respiratory failure, which of these is NOT a sign of failure?

Buildup of saliva

What should happen if a patient goes into respiratory arrest?

Begin CPR

What is the first thing you do in patient assessment?

Check if the patient is breathing

Artificial Ventilation (Positive Pressure Ventilation)

Use of positive pressure in order to force air or oxygen into the lungs

Gastric Distention

abnormal expansion of the stomach

What is a negative side effect of Positive Air Pressure

Gastric Distention

Vasoconstriction

tightening of blood vessels

Why don’t you ventilate a patient who is vomiting?

So you don’t push puke into lungs

C & E grip

Proper way to seal pocket mask on patient

What is a way to optimize mask use?

Raising the patients head at a 30 Degree angle

Oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal airways helps restore airway patency by…

Separating the tongue from the posterior pharyngeal wall (removing tongue obstruction)

What is something you do when ventilate a patient with a stoma?

Use a pediatric mask to establish a seal around the stoma

Respiratory distress

the patient is compensating for difficulty breathing

Respiratory failure

the body isn’t compensating, and the metabolic needs are not being met

ATV stands for… 

Automatic Transport Ventilator

True or False, is oxygen a drug?

True

True or false, oxygen can NOT cause harm to the patient?

False

What type of patients should you always ventilate?

Cardiac Arrest Patients

How are oxygen canister sizes labeled by?

Letters

A patient suffers from anxiety and is having issues breathing. The patient says they have a mild pain in their chest, how should you administer oxygen?

Deliver low-concentrated oxygen with a nasal cannula

What is the minimum amount of oxygen you should pump to a BVM?

15 Liters/min

Positive Air Pressure

Air pumped into the airway

Perfusion

the passage of fluid (blood) to organs or tissues in order to provide nutrients

Which of the following is the most common problem associated with the removal of an esophageal obturator airway?

Aspiration

Tracheomalacia

floppy cartilage in the trachea

A patient's response to an interview question is initially vague or unclear. Which of the following responses on your part would be most appropriate?

Could you explain that to me?

Why NPA’s usually easier to intubate then OPA’s

Patients can tolerate NPA’s more

The use of pursed-lip breathing during exhalation would be most common among which of the following patient groups?

Chronic airways obstruction

What is the normal breathing rate for adults?

12-20 breaths/min

Inspiration

a prolonged upper airway obstruction

Expirations

prolonged lower airway obstructions

Hyperventilation

patient is breathing too quick causing too much CO2 to be blown out leading to vasoconstriction

What is a sufficient rate of ventilation for Adults?

10-12 Liters/min

If a patient has facial hair in the way, what should you do if you can’t seal a mask?

Wet the facial hair

Why should an airway adjunct always be inserted if you are providing face mask ventilation?

Channels air to the trachea restricting obstruction

What percent of oxygen concentration is delivered via mouth-to-mask ventilation without supplemental oxygen?

16%

Where should you position yourself if you need to ventilate on a patient without a spinal injury?

Top of the head

Why is a patient who is adequately breathing still require supplemental oxygen?

To prevent hypoxia

Nonrebreather Mask

A mask and reservoir bag that delivers the highest amount of oxygen. The patient does not breathe exhaled air.

How do you inflate a reservoir bag?

Cover port with a constant flow of 15 Liters/min

Venturi Mask

delivers a specific amount of concentrated oxygen by mixing oxygen with exhaled air