3 Ortho (Midterm): Etiology of Malocclusion

malocclusion

Deviation from the desired form of occlusion:

- hereditary factors

- acquired/exogenous factors

what are the 2 etiologies of malocclusion?

- Class III

- Class II div 2

- Open bite

What are 3 examples of occlusal patterns that are inherited?

aggravation

a patient that has BOTH Class III malocclusion AND a pituitary adenoma that results in more growth in the mandible, this is an example of an _________ of the protrusive mandible

camouglage

a patient that has a Class III malocclusion, but experiences trauma to the mandibular condyles that stunts the growth of the mandible, this is an example of a _________ of the protrusive mandible

false

t/f: the majority of the population has a malocclusion from a cause that is known

true

t/f: the majority of the population has a malocclusion from unknown causes

malfunction

When a causal factor affects the neuromuscular tissue, it will primarily result in ________

malocclusion

When a causal factor affects the teeth, it will primarily result in ________

dysplasia

When a causal factor affects the bone tissue, it will primarily result in ________

local

ID if the following is a Local or General Factor:

- anomalies of number of teeth

local

ID if the following is a Local or General Factor:

- anomalies of tooth size

local

ID if the following is a Local or General Factor:

- anomalies of tooth shape

local

ID if the following is a Local or General Factor:

- mucosal barriers/ freni

local

ID if the following is a Local or General Factor:

- premature loss

local

ID if the following is a Local or General Factor:

- prolonged retention

local

ID if the following is a Local or General Factor:

- delayed eruption of permanent teeth

local

ID if the following is a Local or General Factor:

- abnormal eruptive path

local

ID if the following is a Local or General Factor:

- dental caries

local

ID if the following is a Local or General Factor:

- improper dental restorations

general

ID if the following is a Local or General Factor:

- heredity

general

ID if the following is a Local or General Factor:

- congenital

general

ID if the following is a Local or General Factor:

- environmental (prenatal/postnatal)

general

ID if the following is a Local or General Factor:

- predisposing metabolic climate and disease

general

ID if the following is a Local or General Factor:

- dietary problems

general

ID if the following is a Local or General Factor:

- abnormal pressure habits and functional aberrations

general

ID if the following is a Local or General Factor:

- posture

general

ID if the following is a Local or General Factor:

- trauma and accidents

initiation and proliferation

if a patient presents with an anomaly of the number of teeth present, this deviation occurred at the ____________ stage of tooth development

morphodifferentiation and histodifferentiation

if a patient presents with an anomaly of the size and shape of teeth present, this deviation occurred at the ____________ stage of tooth development

apposition or mineralization

if a patient presents with an anomaly of the enamel and/or dentin of teeth present, this deviation occurred at the ____________ stage of tooth development

- Esthetics

- Arch-perimeter (spacing/crowding)

- Occlusion (TSALD)

Anomalies of tooth size and shape can cause what type of orthodontic problems?

tooth size arch length discrepancy

What does TSALD stand for?

generalized microdontia

ID the anomaly:

localized microdontia

ID the anomaly:

- MSX-1

- PAX-9

- AXIN

What are 3 genes that have been identified for causing missing teeth:

Anodontia

Complete Lack of tooth development:

Oligodontia

Missing 6 or more teeth:

Hypodontia

few missing teeth (less than 6):

Hyperdontia

supernumerary teeth; teeth that appear in addition to the regular number of teeth:

mesiodens

What is the most common presentation of supernumerary teeth?

maxillary 4th molar/ distomolar

What is the 2nd most common presentation of supernumerary teeth?

false

t/f: it is more common to see supernumerary teeth in the primary dentition vs the permanent dentition

true

t/f: it is more common to see supernumerary teeth in the permanent dentition vs the primary dentition

true

t/f: it is more common to for teeth to be missing in the permanent dentition vs seeing extra teeth

false

t/f: it is more common to see extra teeth in the permanent dentition vs seeing teeth missing

arch perimeter problems

What orthodontic problems do congenitally missing teeth cause?

- barriers in tooth eruption

- displacement of tooth gems

What orthodontic problems do supernumerary teeth cause?

true

t/f: it is common for siblings to experience the same patterns of hypodontia

- canine impaction/directional change of canine

- ectopic eruption of canine

- premolar-canine transposition

What are 3 sequelae of discrepancies or missing of the maxillary lateral incisiors:

maxillary lateral incisors

What tooth is responsible for guiding the maxillary canines into position?

3rd molars

What is the 1st most common tooth to be missing in the dentition?

mandibular second premolar

What is the 2nd most common tooth to be missing in the dentition?

maxillary lateral incisors

What is the 3rd most common tooth to be missing in the dentition?

- Aperts syndrome

- Cleidocranial Dysostosis

- Gardners syndrome

- Crouzons syndrome

What are 4 syndromes that present with supernumerary teeth?

odontoma

What is the cause of the tooth displacement/impaction in this patient?

age 7

at what age is it recommended that all children receive an orthodontic evaluation by?

preventative orthodontics

What type of orthodontic intervention is it when a patient has sever interproximal caries, so you quickly restore the tooth to prevent loss of space and mesial migration?

interceptive orthodontics

What type of orthodontic intervention is it when a primary 2nd molar has advanced caries, you extract the tooth and provide a space maintainer?

corrective orthodontics

What type of orthodontic intervention is it when a patient already lost a primary tooth to caries and mesial migration has already occurred, so you prescribe a space regainer device?

- wear problem

- arch-perimeter problem

- occlusion

Hypoplasia of dental structures can cause what type of problems?

- orthodontics

- endodontic

- restorative

Regional odontodysplasia can cause what type of problems?

- Facial clefts

- Microstomia

- Anomalies of the frena

- Ankyloglossia

What are some soft tissue anomalies?

males

The presentation of cleft lip WITH cleft palate is more common in ________

females

The presentation of isolated cleft palate is more common in ________

females

Clefting anomalies tend to be more severe in ____

left

Clefting anomalties tend to affect which side of the face more?

cleft lip/palate

ID the anomaly:

large freni attachment

ID the anomaly:

ankyloglossia

ID the anomaly:

cleft lip/palate

Aspirin has what teratogenic affect?

cleft lip/palate

Smoking cigarettes has what teratogenic affect?

cleft lip/palate

Dilantin has what teratogenic affect?

mid-face deficiency

Alcohol consumption has what teratogenic affect?

premature suture closure

Vitamin D excess has what teratogenic affect?

teratogens

Chemical or other agents capable of producing embryologic defects if given at a critical time:

true

t/f: cleft lip/palate can be both hereditary and acquired

- Mandibular prognathism

- Bimaxillary protrusion

- Skeletal open bites

what are 3 skeletal malocclusions that are hereditary?

- extent and localization of the trauma

- at what point in development phase it occurs

The influence of trauma depends on 2 things:

PDL

once a tooth has been ankylosed, it is impossible to move orthodontically because it no longer has a _______

lingual

permanent tooth buds develop _____ to the roots of primary teeth

- Intensity

- Duration

- Type of habit

The Relationship between orofacial dysfunction and malocclusion depends on:

10th week

thumb sucking has been observed to start as early as the ____ in utero

- Open bite

- Protraction of maxillary anterior teeth

- Mandibular retrusion

- Maxillary constriction

- Narrow nasal floor and high palatal vault

- Compensatory tongue thrust

what are 6 Sequelae of Digit/ Thumb sucking:

- Humped up tongue/Higher tongue position

- Shallow central furrow of tongue

- Momentary incisor contact

- No mandibular thrust

- reduced peri-oral sphincter activity (no lip movement)

What are the characteristics of the Mature (Somatic) Swallow:

- Elongated tongue

- Depressed central furrow of tongue

- Narrow tongue

- lower tongue position

- Pursed lips

- Mandibular thrust

What are the characteristics of the Infantile (Visceral) swallow:

CN 5

Which cranial nerve is mostly in control during the Mature (Somatic) Swallow:

CN 7

Which cranial nerve is mostly in control during the Infantile (Visceral) swallow:

Class II div 1

what malocclusion class will present with the continuation of the Infantile (Visceral) swallow?

6124

-537 (most common)

-357

-573

What is the maxillary sequence of eruption:

61234578

What is the mandibular sequence of eruption:

maxillary 1st molar

What tooth most commonly experiences ectopic eruption?

false

t/f: in most cases, the ectopic eruption of the maxillary 1st molars will require surgical intervention

- crowding

- transposition

- altered position of teeth

What are the sequelae of an ectopic eruption:

maxillary lateral incisors

during eruption, if the permanent maxillary canine goes past the midline of the ________ the likelyhood that it will fully erupt on its own is significantly decreased, and it will be impacted

ectopic eruption

ID the developmental disturbance:

ectopic eruption

ID the developmental disturbance:

abnormal sequence of eruption

ID the developmental disturbance:

- crowding

- midline deviation

What are the sequelae of an abnormal sequence of eruption:

transposition of teeth

ID the developmental disturbance: