APUSH American Pageant Chapter 9 AMSCO Unit #3B

Republicanism

a government of the people with strong governors, bicameral legislature, and a bill of rights that was further developed by the growth of trade organizations, removal of primogeniture laws, separation of church and state, abolishment of the slave trade, northern states abolishing slavery, the devotion of a mother to her family, the constitutional power stemming from the people, and the westward movement of state capitals

Articles of Confederation

the first constitution created by the Continental Congress; all 13 states had to ratify it; parts included that each state had 1 vote, amendments had to be unanimous, it had now power to regulate commerce or taxes, needed 2/3 majority to pass, there was 1 house, there was no executive or judicial branch, it met the goals of the revolution, and it was a stepping stone to the modern constitution

Abigail Adams

wife to John Adams; fought for women's rights (or rebellion would spur)

Alexander Hamilton

a New Yorker who called for a convention in Philadelphia a year after the Annapolis convention to change the Articles into a central government

James Madison

a 36-year-old regarded as the "father of the constitution"

Federation

a group of states with a central government but independence in internal affairs.

Checks & Balances

a system that kept the government evenly balanced in all 3 branches (to prevent King George)

Sovereignty

ability of a state to govern itself

consent of the governed

the idea that the only legitimate government was one based on the people

states' rights

greatly expanded upon in the Articles of Confederation

Mobocracy

prevented by safeguards, including that federal judges were appointed for life, the president was chosen indirectly by the Electoral College, and senators were chosen indirectly by state legislatures

Three-Fifths Compromise

an agreement that counted slaves as 3/5 of a person for voting and the House

Land Ordinance of 1785

sold the Old Northwest land to pay off war debts; saved a plot (16/36) in each township for a public school

Northwest Ordinance

a significant achievement of the Articles of Confederation where there were 3 stages for the northwest territories to become states: 1. they got a governor and judges 2. once they reached 5,000 people, they got a congress 3. once they reached 60,000 people, they were able to apply for statehood

Daniel Shays

leader of Shay's Rebellion

Shay's Rebellion

after impoverished farmers lost their land to mortgage foreclosures; they demanded lighter taxes, cheap paper money, and no more property takeovers; struck fear into higher classes

the "large-state plan"/"small-state plan"

the large-state plan wanted house votes based on population (led to the House of Representatives); the small-state plan wanted house votes regardless of size (led to the Senate)

Great Compromise

the House of Representatives reflected the large-state plan and the Senate reflected the small-state plan; tax/revenue bills must start in the House

Constitution of the United States

there was no bill of rights, no annual elections, a federal stronghold (DC), a standing army, and ratification with 2/3 of the states

Electoral College

a method where representatives indirectly voted for the president for the states

Federalists

favored a strong federal government; supported ratification of the new constitution

"The Federalist"

propaganda written by Hamilton, Jay, and Madison that was meant for New York

Anti-Federalists

opposed strong federal government and the new constitution