Final Exam Study Guide Flashcards

Flashcards about Colonization, the Industrial Revolution, and other events.

Who won the Colonization Scramble for Africa?

Britain and France

Who lost in the Colonization Scramble for Africa?

Spain

What 2 countries remained independent during the Colonization Scramble for Africa?

Liberia and Empire of Ethiopia

What was unique about the DRC during the Colonization Scramble for Africa?

King Leopold of Belgium's personal property

What were the effects of the Industrial Revolution on Colonization?

Gave Europeans better weapons and led them to search for new resources and markets due to overproduction.

What were the Economic Effects of Colonization?

Best land stolen, high taxes, focus on cash crops, food scarcity,

What were the Political Effects of Colonization?

grouping of unfriendly tribes, giving privileges to small groups for control

What are the cultural effects of colonization?

westernization.

What were the Effects of WWI on Colonization?

Showed the dependence of colonial powers on Africa; some countries lost in WWI hoped to defeat Europe.

What are some examples of Colonial Resistance?

Attacking colonial system representatives, pretending to be sick, breaking equipment, strikes, boycotts.

What is indirect colonial rule?

Appointing traditional leaders as colonial administrators.

What was the effect of WWII on Colonization?

Shows that colonialism was similar to facism and is outdated.

What was the Berlin Conference?

European countries make a plan to carve up africa it works and they delay WWI for 30 years

What did the Freedom Charter propose?

Document out of south african anti-apartheid leader create a document that outlines their goals, equal rights and land ownership

What was the Balfour Declaration?

Britain became the first major world power to say Palestine should be a home for the jews

What was the UN Partition Plan?

British proposed a two-state plan with Palestine having 45% and Israel 55% of the land, with Jerusalem ruled by the UN.

What does the Law of Return (1950) state?

passed law and still exists today any Jew from around the world was allowed to migrate to Israel do it in 1950 cause they need workers

What was the Camp David Accord?

land for peace formula return Sinai Peninsula and Egypt recognizes Israel

What was the Oslo Accord?

Plan for eventual self rule for Palestinians in Gaza and parts of the West Bank

What were the Iranian Reforms under Ayatollah Khomeini?

Women were required to wear veils in public, lowered legal age to 9, birth control was made illegal, alcohol was illegal, and Western music was forbidden.

What was the cause of the Rwandan Genocide?

The Hutu majority began discriminating against the Tutsi minority, leading to revenge seeking.

What were the effects of the Rwandan Genocide?

1/10 of the population was killed, 250,000 women were raped, thousands contracted HIV, and over 400,000 children were orphaned.

What impact did British have on Afrikaner relations in South Africa?

British set up farms, Afrikaners lost cheap labor, only landowners had a voice. Return land or pay for it so Afrikaners moved.

What did the Mineral Revolution do?

Destroys family life.

What were examples of resistance to Apartheid?

Tax boycotts, the ANC (African National Congress) was formed, writing petitions and appeals to the British government.

What was the Sharpeville Massacre?

Police opened fire on protesters demonstrating against passbooks.

What were the causes of the 1948 War?

Jews were well-funded while not unified with less military support.

What was the effect of the Suez Crisis

Started to resent the west and how it handled things

What were the Israeli Land Gains from the Six-Day War?

East Jerusalem, the West Bank (from Jordan), the Sinai Peninsula and the Gaza Strip (from Egypt), Golan Heights (from Syria).

What happened at the 1972 Olympics Attack?

A Palestinian terrorist group, Black September, kidnapped and killed Israeli athletes.

What was the goal of Yom Kippur War?

Arabs wanted to regain the land they lost in the Six-Day War.

Who was Marcus Garvey?

Coined the phrase 'Africa for the Africans,' created the UNIA association, wrote the declaration of rights for black people, and had a shipping business.

Who was Nelson Mandela?

Was a part of the subgroup of the ANC who became violent towards symbols of white domination

Who was Steve Biko?

Spoke about black consciousness and pushing for an increase of rights with the realization that black men need to rally together and have pride in who they are.

Who was Theodor Herzl?

Said no matter where Jews live they need a homeland (Zionism).

Who are the Zionists?

Believe Jews need a homeland

Who was Gamal Nasser?

Egyptian president who changed the political climate, with socialism banning all individual parties, all government officials and replacing them with men he served with in the military and made all decisions on parliament.

Who were Yasser Arafat & the PLO?

Their goal was to get the land they know as Palestine back all of it and the occupied territories.

Who was Ayatollah Khomeini?

Creates a caliphate in Iran after the 1979 revolution, very anti-Western and creates a very harsh rule.

Who was Saddam Hussein?

Leader of Iraq from 79-03 led country into three unsuccessful wars, in 2006 convicted by his own people for crimes against humanity and was executed, chemical weapons

Who were the Mujahideen?

Afghan word for rebels, motivated to defend their way of life against the communist atheists.

Who were the Taliban?

Conservative religious faction within the Mujahideen; focused on strict and total control over Afghanistan, no goals beyond its borders.

Who was Mullah Omar?

Forms an alliance with Osama bin Laden; Omar needed Osama's money and bin Laden needed Omar's protection.

Who was Osama bin Laden?

Osama returned to Afghanistan with a loyal group of fighters, built training camps to train fighters and plan attacks on outside countries.

Who was al Qaeda?

attacks Us military barracks in saudi arabia, then 2 US embassies in Africa, 2000 al qaeda bombed USS cole.9/11 was their biggest attack

What is Apartheid?

Suppressing black South Africans with pass books and giving them no say or rights.

What is Arab Nationalism?

Pride in the Arab heritage, no outside influence, the liberation of Palestine which meant the end of Israel up until the late 80's.

What is a Caliphate?

What the West calls a theocracy, a government run by religion, and an ultra-conservative view of Islam.

What is Political/Radical Islam?

Ultra-conservative view of Islam, harsh and unforgiving.

How many Countries are there in Africa?

54

What are the Dates of Most Independence Movements in Africa?

1960

What and When was Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan?

Young communist party staged a coup and took control of the government in Afghanistan

What was the Cause of Iran-Iraq War?

Iraq's Goal was to take more land that was along the Persian Gulf

What attacks did al Qaeda launch against the US?

Attacked the US military barrack in Saudi Arabia and then in 98 attacked two US embassies in Africa