Reading and Writing Skills

Reading

is the process of looking at a series of written symbols and getting information from them. When we read, we use our eyes to receive written symbols (letters, punctuation marks, and spaces) and we use our brain to convert them to sounds, words, sentences, and paragraphs that communicate something to us. Therefore, it is not true that reading is an effortless task.

Reading

It is defined as a process of decoding written symbols in order to construct meaning.

(Rayner et al., 2016, p. 2).”

“Often, the goal of reading is to learn something new, whether it is a fact from a book, a story from a novel, or instructions in a manual”

Reading

it is a language skill which can be developed through constant practice.

Barrot (2020)

He asserted that reading can be more meaningful if there is an interactive process between the writer and the reader, wherein a reader will interact by asking questions, analyzing assertions, and relating one’s experience to the message of the text.

Reader’s Goal

Your goal as a reader will change depending upon what you are reading. When you understand your goal in picking up a biology text or historical journal, you will save time because you can more quickly find what you should be looking for.

Writer's Purpose

Writers change their purpose for writing depending on the discipline they are writing for, the topic they will cover, and the goals of that particular writing task. A writer may wish to inform, to persuade, or to critique. 

Tone

refers to how a message is sent. It reflects the attitude of the writer regarding the topic at hand.

Style

refers to the kind of language the writer chose in writing. It can be formal or more casual and relax language.

Discipline 

This refers to a field of expertise or a body of knowledge. Experts in certain disciplines specialize in such body of knowledge.

3 Discipline in Academe

Humanities, Science and Business are the 3 types of?

Humanities

It usually seeks to analyze, interpret, argue, and/or explain thoughts, reactions, ideas, and emotions.

Sub-fields:

• Arts

• Language

Science

It focuses on informing the reader of new discoveries and assisting readers in discovering truth through facts and solid data given in detail. seeks to explain complex phenomena

Sub-fields:

• Engineering

• Medicine

Business

It often means explaining a situation, event, or change in order to compel the reader toward a very specific action.

Sub-fields:

• Management

• Finance

Patterns

this refers to the structure of written texts that experts across disciplines use to write and communicate their ideas.

Reading Process: Pre-Reading Stage

: Look at headings, subheadings, pictures, or bolded words to get a sense of the content.

Reading Process: Previewing the text

: Based on prior knowledge, make predictions about what the text will be about.

Reading Process: Predicting

Based on prior knowledge, make predictions about what the text will be about.

Setting a Purpose

: Decide why you're reading the text (e.g., for information, for pleasure, for analysis).

Reading Process: While Reading Stage

Rereading the text until you fully understand.

Reading Process: Understanding the word meanings

: Using context clues, dictionaries, or prior knowledge to understand unfamiliar words

Reading Process: Making Connections

Relate what you're reading to your own experiences, other texts, or the world

Reading process: Post Reading Stage

: Reflect on and analyze the text for deeper understanding and retention

Reading Process: Summarizing

Review the key points of the text to consolidate your understanding.

Reading Process: Analyzing

Break down the text to understand its structure, arguments, or themes.

Reading Process: Evaluating

Critically assess the content—was it effective, persuasive, or informative? What did you learn?

Reading Process: Discussing or Reflection

Share insights with others or reflect on how the text connects to broader themes or personal experiences

Basic Reading Skills: Rapid Reading Skills

Aims to locate a specific information in a short span of time.

Basic Reading Skills: Skimming

reading technique where the reader quickly glances through a text to get the general idea of its context without reading every word or sentence in detail. The goal is to understand the main points of the text, rather than focusing on the specifics.

Topic Sentence

is usually the first or last sentence in a paragraph but may also appear in the middle.

Main Idea

In longer texts, the thesis statement (typically in the introduction) will convey the ____ of the entire text

Main Idea

is the central point or message the author wants to convey in the paragraph.

Major Details

support the main idea by providing key reasons, explanations, or evidence.

Minor Details

are more specific pieces of information that support or explain the major details.

Scanning

Reading technique that is used to quickly locate specific information in a text without reading it in detail. It involves moving your eyes quickly over the text to find keywords, numbers, or phrases that match what you’re looking for.

The Humanities

Type of discipline that is also called the liberal arts —include philosophy, religion, art, music, literature, history, and language. It usually seeks to analyze, interpret, argue, and/or explain thoughts, reactions, ideas, and emotions. The ultimate goal in writing in the ___ is to explain or understand the human experience and human values.

Research

Type of discipline that includes Cultural Studies Analysis, Art History Research Paper

Interpretive/Analytical Writing

Type of discipline that includes literary analysis, historical analysis, Philosophical Argument

Theoretical Writing

Type of discipline that includes expository essay, persuasive essay

Business

Type of discipline that often means explaining a situation, event, or change in order to compel the reader toward a very specific action. Writing in this type of discipline is formal

Business

Type of discipline writings include resumes and cover letters, proposals, instructions, business and sales letters, emails, business plans, case analyses, memoranda, performance reviews, and professional biographies.

Discourse

is a formal and often lengthy discussion of a topic, where concepts and insights are arranged in an organized and logical manner.

Argumentation

Type of discourse that Is the act or process of making and presenting arguments. It is a series of statements for or against an idea.

Description

This type of discourse is based on the main impression of the author about the topic or subject. Its purpose is to transmit that impression vivid language.

Exposition

This type of discourse aims to inform about, clarify, and explain a phenomenon. It defines what something is and provides an in-depth discussion about topics that are usually less explored.

Narration

This type of discourse is like storytelling. It recalls events chronologically. This discourse is told in varied point of view. The general purpose of narration then is to relate a series of events.

Purpose of Discourse : To Inform

Purpose of discourse is to shares information through conversations, debates, and other forms of communication. It can involve multiple people discussing a particular topic in order to gain new perspectives and exchange ideas.

Purpose of Discourse: To persuade

Purpose of Discourse can be done through the use of persuasive language, logical reasoning, rhetorical devices, and the use of evidence.

Purpose of Discourse : Entertain

Purpose of Discourse is by providing interesting topics of conversation or debate. It can also be entertaining through the use of humor, storytelling, or anecdotes.