NUMBERS

+65 mV

Approximate equilibrium potential for Na+ in nerve and muscle

-85 mV

Approximate equilibrium potential for K+ in nerve and muscle

+120 mV

Approximate equilibrium potential for Ca2+ in nerve and muscle

-85 mV

Approximate equilibrium potential for Cl- in nerve and muscle

-70 mV

Intracellular resting membrane potential of a nerve

120 m/sec

Maximum conduction velocity of proprioceptor nerves

2 m/sec

Maximum conduction velocity of nociceptor nerves

Seconds to minutes

Duration information can be held in short-term memory

Minutes to years

Duration information can be held in long-term memory

1400 grams

Approximate weight of the brain

75-125 billion

Approximate number of neurons in the brain

14 weeks age of gestation

Age at which the number of neuronal cells in the brain is fixed

162

Number of publications included in a meta-analysis of brain co-activation related to emotions

6

Number of networks identified in a meta-analysis of brain co-activation related to emotions

8

Number of basic emotions studied using permutations of monoamines

148 mEq/L

Approximate Na+ concentration in lumbar CSF

136-145 mEq/L

Approximate Na+ concentration in blood

2.9 mEq/L

Approximate K+ concentration in lumbar CSF

3.5-5 mEq/L

Approximate K+ concentration in blood

120-130 mEq/L

Approximate Cl- concentration in lumbar CSF

100-106 mEq/L

Approximate Cl- concentration in blood

50-75 mg/dL

Approximate Glucose concentration in lumbar CSF

70-100 mg/dL

Approximate Glucose concentration in blood

15-45 mg/dL

Approximate Protein concentration in lumbar CSF

6.8 x 10^3 mg/dL

Approximate Protein concentration in blood

7.3

Approximate pH of lumbar CSF

7.4

Approximate pH of blood

⅔ or 60%

Normal level of glucose in lumbar CSF compared to blood glucose

~50,000

Estimated number of muscle spindles in the entire human body

50-60 ml/100 g per brain tissue/minute

Normal range of cerebral blood flow

50-150 mmHg

Cerebral perfusion pressure range within which autoregulation will work

3-3.5 mL/100g brain tissue per minute

Oxygen requirement for adults per minute

5 mL/100g brain tissue per minute

Oxygen requirement for children per minute

70%

Approximate percentage of the brain supplied by the anterior circulation

50Hz

High activity firing rate of Purkinje cells (Simple Spike) at rest

1-3Hz

Low and random activity firing rate of Purkinje cells (Complex Spike) at rest

36

Number of questions asked in a study about how to fall in love

3

Number of sections the questions in the love study were divided into

F8=27 seconds

Average time spent solving a puzzle with a cerebral artery diameter of 8 mm

F10=20 seconds

Average time spent solving a puzzle with a cerebral artery diameter of 10 mm

F14=12 seconds

Average time spent solving a puzzle with a cerebral artery diameter of 14 mm

F18=7 seconds

Average time spent solving a puzzle with a cerebral artery diameter of 18 mm

2 mm

Mean threshold for two-point discrimination on the fingertips

7.36 mm

Average threshold for two-point discrimination on the thumb in one experiment

2-3 mm

Normal range for two-point discrimination threshold on the thumb

0

Lowest score classification for brain atrophy (GCA)

3

Highest score classification for brain atrophy (GCA)

1

GCA score considered acceptable for individuals aged less than 75 years old

1 to 2

GCA score range considered acceptable for individuals aged above 75 years old

<1.5 SD

Cut-off below the normative mean score used when comparing an individual's cognition to peers

30 years old

Age at which cognitive abilities typically peak

90%

Approximate percentage of the population that is left hemisphere dominant

Pentamer

Number of subunits that form the nicotinic ion channel receptor

V

Cranial nerve that serves facial structures and the anterior cranium

C6

Dermatomal level for the thumb

C7

Dermatomal level for the middle finger

C8

Dermatomal level for the little finger

C2-T6

Spinal cord segments whose sensory input contributes to the Nucleus Cuneatus

Below T6

Spinal cord segments whose sensory input contributes to the Nucleus Gracilis

16 to 20 hours

Total sleep time for a newborn baby per day

10-12 hours

Total sleep time for a child

8-10 hours

Total sleep time for a mid-adolescent

~7 to 7.5 hours

Total sleep time for a young adult

70-100 minutes

Duration of a complete sleep cycle

15 minutes

Time within which REM sleep periods happen for patients with Sudden Onset REM sleep

II

Primary group of fibers consisting the Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus pathway

Ia

Group of afferent fibers that innervate nuclear bag fibers

II

Group of afferent fibers that innervate nuclear chain fibers

Ia

Group of afferent fibers stimulated when muscle is stretched in the monosynaptic reflex

III, IV, VI

Cranial nerves that serve as efferent limbs for the Oculocephalic and Vestibuloocular reflexes

VII

Cranial nerve that serves as the efferent limb for the Corneal and Auditopalpebral reflexes

IX

Cranial nerve that serves as the afferent limb for the Gag reflex

X

Cranial nerve that serves as the efferent limb for the Gag reflex

II

Cranial nerve that serves as the afferent limb for the Pupillary Light reflex

III

Cranial nerve that serves as the efferent limb for the Pupillary Light reflex

VIII

Cranial nerve that serves as the afferent limb for the Oculocephalic and Vestibuloocular reflexes

V (I)

Cranial nerve that serves as the afferent limb for the Corneal reflex

4

Maximum score for Eye Opening in the Glasgow Coma Scale

1

Minimum score for Eye Opening in the Glasgow Coma Scale

6

Maximum score for Motor Response in the Glasgow Coma Scale

1

Minimum score for Motor Response in the Glasgow Coma Scale

5

Maximum score for Verbal Response in the Glasgow Coma Scale

1

Minimum score for Verbal Response in the Glasgow Coma Scale

15

Best possible score in the Glasgow Coma Scale

3

Lowest possible score, indicating coma, in the Glasgow Coma Scale

11

GCS score for a patient with Broca's aphasia (E4, V1, M6)

14

GCS score for a patient who is looking around (E4), has confused speech but states name correctly (V4), and obeys commands like sticking out their tongue (M6)

50Hz

Simple spike firing rate of Purkinje cells at rest

1-3Hz

Complex spike firing rate of Purkinje cells at rest

14 Hz

Frequency range for Beta waves, the fastest waveform

2 mm

Normal mean threshold for two-point discrimination on the fingertips

C2

Lowest spinal cord segment contributing to Nucleus Cuneatus

T6

Highest spinal cord segment contributing to Nucleus Cuneatus

T7

Lowest spinal cord segment contributing to Nucleus Gracilis

1880s-1890s, 1920s-1930s, 1950s-1960s, 1960s-1970s

Time periods mentioned in the history of Cerebral Blood Flow physiology

1900s

Decade the first official study on the neurophysiology of emotions was published by Dr. C.S. Sherrington

1973

Year mnemonic for Cranial Nerve III with parasympathetic effects

1975

Year mnemonic for Cranial Nerve VII with both motor and sensory components

1972

Year mnemonic for Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors II, VII, IX, X

Seconds

Smallest unit of time for short-term memory storage