Translation and Gel Electrophoresis Concepts

Flashcards covering key concepts related to translation processes and gel electrophoresis as discussed in the lecture notes.

Translation

The process by which mRNA is decoded by ribosomes to produce a protein.

mRNA

Messenger RNA that carries the genetic information from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis.

Codon

A sequence of three nucleotides on the mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.

Amino Acid

The building blocks of proteins, coded for by codons.

tRNA

Transfer RNA that transports specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation.

Anti-Codon

A sequence of three nucleotides in tRNA that corresponds to a complementary codon in mRNA.

Gel Electrophoresis

A technique used to separate DNA fragments by size using an electric field.

Negative Charge of DNA

DNA has a negative charge, which causes it to migrate towards a positive pole in an electric field.

Forensic Investigations

The application of DNA analysis in criminal cases to identify individuals.

Sieve Effect

The function of the gel in electrophoresis that separates fragments based on size.