Anatomy Week 2

Bone gets strength from …

collagen and minerals

What type of tissue is cartilage?

connective tissue

When torn cartilage heals easy (T/F)?

False

Is cartilage vascular or avascular?

avascular

Chondro

cartilage

Cartilage is made up of …

cells, fibers, and matrix

Is cartilage strong?

yes

Types of cartilage

hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage

What is found in all types of collagen?

strength and structure

Hyaline cartilage has ______ collagen, _______ cells

less, more

what type of bone is hyaline cartilage?

developing bone

Which type of cartilage needs to attach to bone?

hyaline cartilage

Hyaline cartilage is what type of fibers?

collagen fibers

Elastic cartilage is what type of fibers

elastin fibers

examples of elastic cartilage are …

external ear and tip of nose

example of hyaline cartilage are …

joint surfaces, developing bone, and sternum

Fibrocartilage is what type of fibers?

densely interwoven collagen fibers

Fibrocartilage has _____ collagen, _____ cells

more, fewer

example of fibrocartilage

pubic symphysis

Which type of cartilage is almost a ligament, but not because it has chondrocyles?

fibrocartilage

What does collagen do?

give strength

what do proteoglycans do?

help hold water

Is bone a connective tissue?

yes

Why is bone a connective tissue?

cells, fibers, and matrix

3 things that make up bone

osteocytes, collagen fibers, and calcium phosphate matrix

Is bone alive?

yes

What are the bone cells?

osteocytes

what provides the flexibility and strength in bone?

collagen fibers

what makes bone hard and have strength?

calcium phosphate matrix

Is bone vascular or avascular?

vascular

Bone can self-repair (T/F)

True

What does bone store?

calcium, fat, and blood cells

What do the blood vessels in bone do?

transport

Bone is Innervated (T/F)

True

Bone is Inert (T/F)

False

Where is nutrient storage for the body?

in bones

Functions of Bone tissue

support, storage, blood cell production, protection, and leverage

What minerals do bone store?

calcium and fat

Blood cell production

hematopoiesis

3 main components of a long bone structure

diaphysis, epiphysis, and metaphysis

What is the tubular shaft of the long bone?

diaphysis

What is the expanded area on the end of a long bone?

epiphysis

What is the zone between the epiphysis and diaphysis?

metaphysis

What is the growth plate?

metaphysis

Which main structure of a lone bone has hyaline cartilage found in it?

metaphysis

What is the remnant of the metaphysis/growth plate?

epiphyseal line

What is the hole/opening in the diaphysis where blood vessels enter the bone?

nutrient foramen

What is the hollow cavity in the diaphysis?

medullary cavity

Medullary (marrow) cavity has what type of bone marrow?

yellow and red

At what part of the long bone does the bone grow in length?

metaphysis

Where is yellow bone marrow found?

diaphysis

Where is red bone marrow found?

epiphysis

Which bone marrow contains fat cells?

yellow bone marrow

Which type of bone marrow contains blood cells (hematopoiesis —> red blood cell production)?

red bone marrow

Is cortical bone inside or outside?

outside

What color line on an x-ray means the bone is done growing?

white line

What color line on an x-ray means the bone is still growing/developing?

gray line

What is the gray line on an x-ray?

growth plate

External, fibrous layer

periosteum

internal, walls of medullary cavity

endosteum

How many layers is the endosteal layer?

1

What supply the bone marrow in the medullary cavity?

nutrient vessels

Is cartilage vascular or avascular?

avascular

Where does cartilage get its energy from?

diffusion

What brings blood into the bone?

metaphyseal/epiphyseal vessels

What are the two layers of periosteum?

fibrous and cellular

Which layer of the periosteum is on the outside?

fibrous layer

What helps limit bone growth?

fibrous layer of the periosteum

Which cells are within the cellular layer of the periosteum?

osteoclasts and osteoblasts

osteoclasts

break down boneo

osteoblasts

build bone

What is the endosteum layer made of?

epithelial cells

Which membrane is on the inner/outer walls of the medullary cavity?

endosteum/periosteum

Compact bones appear …

solid

Functional unit of compact bone

osteon

Compact bone is on which part of the bone?

diaphysis

Which type of bone do breaks generally occur at?

compact bone

layers of bone matrix

lamellae

Lamellae that goes around all bone (surrounds other lamellae)

circumferential lamellae

Rings, lots of collagen fibers

lamellae

Small spaces between lamellae that contains osteocytes

lacunae

What structure of compact bone uses little canals to get nutrients?

canaliculi

tiny channels that allow osteocytes to communicate with each other

canaliculi

carry nerves, arteries, and veins through an osteon

central (Haversian) canals

carry nerves, arteries, and veins between an osteon

perforating (Volkmann’s) canal

Intentionally breaking the bone so it can grow how you want it to

Osteogenic distraction

Which bone appears spongy?

trabecular bone

Where in the long bone is trabecular bone found at?

epiphysis

What does trabecular bone do for us?

distributes the weightW

What is found in trabecular bone?

osteocytes and canaliculi

What does trabecular bone have from compact bone that is motififed/reduced?

central canals and osteons

What are the types of cells that bone tissue has?

fibroblasts, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts

multipotential/undifferentiated stem cells

fibroblasts

Fibroblasts have a function (T/F)

False

create bone, lay down matrix (once trapped between osteocytes)

osteoblasts

mature cells surrounded by their own matrix

osteocytes

What do osteocytes cyclye/recycle in the bone marix?

calcium levels

Which cell in bone tissue is trapped in the lacuna?

osteoclasts

Intra-membranous ossification process

Fibroblasts, osteoblasts, osteocytes

Endo-chondral ossification process

fibroblasts, chondroblasts, cartilage model, fibroblasts, osteoblasts, osteocytes