Unit 3 - The French Revolution

for Mr. Perez class

Economic troubles (causes during the French Revolution)

Bad harvests leading to food shortages, high food prices, heavy taxes on the 3rd estate

Social inequality (causes during the French Revolution)

First Estate; Clergy, Second Estate; Nobility, Third Estate; Bourgeoisie, city workers, peasants

Enlightenment influence (causes of the French Revolution)

Promoted equality, liberty, and individual rights; questioned the monarchy and the church

What was the Estates-General?

Meeting of representatives from all 3 states

Storming of the Bastille (date & what happened)

July 14th, 1789; peasants arming themselves

What was The Great Fear?

Peasant uprisings and attacks on nobles

What was the Woman’s March on Versailles?

Forced the royal family to move to Paris

What was declared in the Declaration of Rights of Man and the Citizen (1789)?

All men are equal; rights to liberty, property, and security

Who were the Radicals?

A political party that wanted major changes.

Who were the Moderates?

A political party who wanted some change.

Who were the Conservatives?

A political party that wanted few or no changes.

Who were the Jacobins? (What type of group + leader)

A radical political group led by Maximilien Robespierre.

What did the Committee of Public Safety do?

Led the Reign of Terror (1793-1794)

What was the guillotine used for?

Executions

What happened to King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette?

They were executed for treason. 

What was the Republic of Virtue?

Robespierre’s ideal society focused on revolutionary morals.

Dechristianization (3 events)

Churches closed, new calendar created, “Cult of the Supreme Being” (new religion by Robespierre)

What reforms were made during the Radical Phase? 

Metric system, banned aristocratic titles/fashion

What happened to Georges Danton?

He was executed after opposing the Terror.

What happened to the Lyon Revolt?

It was crushed by the revolutionary government.

What happened to Robespierre at the end of the Radical Phase?

Robespierre lost support and was executed in 1794.

What was the Directory? (1795-1799) [3 details]

A 5-man government after the Reign of Terror; corrupt and weak; set the stage for Napoleon’s rise

Who was Napoleon Bonaparte, and what did he do? [4 details]

He rose to fame as a military hero, restored order after the Revolution, reestablished ties with the Catholic Church (but it had no political power), crowned himself king in 1804 

What did the Napoleonic Code declare?

Equality for all male citizens, limited womens’ rights

Who sold the Louisiana Territory, and why?

Napoleon Bonaparte sold the Louisiana Territory to raise funds for wars.

What happened to Napoleon’s Invasion of Russia (1812)?

It failed due to harsh winters and scorched-earth tactics.

Who was the Peninsular War between?

France and Spain

When and where was Napoleon exiled?

Napoleon was exiled to Elba in 1814.

What happened to Napoleon after he was exiled,and what was his campaign called?

He returned to power with his 100 Days Campaign. 

What battle was Napoleon defeated at, and when? (year)

The Battle of Waterloo in 1815

Where was Napoleon exiled for the second time, and what happened to him?

Napoleon was exiled to Saint Helena, where he died.

What were the goals of the Congress of Vienna (1815)?

Prevent future French aggression, restore the balance of power, and reinstate monarchies

Who led the Congress of Vienna, and where was he from?

Klemens von Metternich (Austria)