Chapter 6 compound and complex sentences

Recognize Types of Clauses

A clause is a group of related words that includes a subject and a verb. Two types of clauses provide the bais of all sentences: the (1) indeoendent clause and the (2) deoendent clause

1. The Independent Clause

A focused and complete thought expressed with a subject and a verb; also known as a main clause or simple sentence.

Adoptive family (members) (can form) strong bonds. -independence clause (complete thought). Members-subject. Can form-verb

2. The Depemdfemt clause

An incomplete thought expressed with a subject and a verb marked by a subordinate conjunction such as after, before or when.

(Once) a (family) (has decided) to adopt.-dependent clause (incomplete thought). Once-suborning conjunction Family-subject

Has decided-verb

(2) An incomplete thought marked by a relative pronoun, such as who or which, acting as the subject of the verb.

that should be discussed - dependent clause (incomplete thought) That- relative pronoun acting as a subject. discussed-verb

Compose Compound Sentences

A compound sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses. A compound sentence links two or more independent clauses as equally important ideas through one of three methods.

Three ways to combine independent clauses into a compound sentence

1. A comma and a cording conjunction- The coordinating conjunction serves as a transition that shows the relationship of ideas within the sentence. Use the acronym FANBOYS to help you remember the seven coordinating conjunctions-for, and, nor, but, or yet, or, so.

[Independent clause,] and [independent clause.]

Coordinating Conjunctions (FANBOYS) and Meanings

For-result And-addition Nor-negation But-contrast Or-choice Yet-contrast So-result

(Separation) and (divorce) (can be devastating)(,) (but)(you)(can comfort) and (support) your child.-independent clauses

Separation, divorce, you-subjects Can be devastating, can comfort, support-verbs But-coordinating conjunction

A semicolon, conjunctive adverbs and a comma

The conjunction shows the relationship of ideas within the sentence. In addition, the conjunctive adverb introduces the next clause. A comma follows the conjunctive adverb since it is an introductory element of the next clause:

Common conjunctive adverbs and the relationships they express

Addition-also, besides, further, furthermore, in addition, incidentally, moreover

Cause or Effect- accordingly, as a result, consequently, hence, therefore, thus

Comparison or Contrast- however, in comparison, in contrast, instead, likewise, nevertheless, nonetheless, otherwise, similarly

Example- for example, for instance Emphasis- certainly, indeed, in fact, still, undoubtedly

Time- finally, meanwhile, next, then, thereafter

A semicolon

A semicolon joins two closely related independent clauses. [Independent clause:][independent clause.]

(Children) (may blame) themselves for the divorce of their parents: (they) often (try) to fix their families.

Children, they-subjects may blame, try-verbs themselves for the divorce of their parents- Independent clause

they often try to fix their families- Independent clause

Compose Complex Sentences

A complex sentence contains one independent or main clause and one or more dependent clauses. A dependent clause express a subordinate or minor detail about an idea in the independent clause, a complex sentence joins independent and dependent clauses by placing a subordinating conjunction at the beginning of the dependent clause. Subordinate conjunction state the relationship between the main clause and the subordinate clause.

Subordinating Conjunctions and the Relationships They Express

Cause-as, because, in order that, now that, since, so Contrast-although, as if, even though, though, whereas, while

Time-after, as, as long as, before, once, since, until, when, whenever, while Place- where, wherever

Condition- even if, how, if, only if, that, unless, what, when, whether or not

Your (role) in society (is set) (before) you are born. Role-subject Is set-verb Before-subordinating conjunction