ecology & populations

10% rule

~10% energy passed to next trophic level

abiotic

non-living factors

algae

simple aquatic photosynthesizers

Archaea

prokaryote domain

autotrophs

make own food

bacteria

prokaryotes

biological magnification

toxin buildup up food chain

biome

region defined by climate/life

biosphere

part of Earth with life

biotic

living factors

biotic potential

max possible growth rate

boom and bust cycle

rapid growth then crash

carrying capacity

max sustainable population size

climax community

stable end-stage community

commensalism

one benefits

community

all species interacting in an area

competition

organisms compete for resources

consumers

get energy eating others

decomposers

break down dead matter

ecological

relating to organism-environment interactions

ecological succession

gradual community change over time

ecosystem

organisms + physical environment

ecosystem diversity

variety of ecosystems

emigration

leaving population

energy

flows one-way through ecosystem

energy flows / matter cycles

energy one-way

equilibrium

stable population size

Eukarya

domain with membrane-bound nucleus

eukaryotes

cells w/ membrane-bound nucleus

exponential growth

rapid

habitat

organism's natural environment

heterotroph

gets energy from consuming others

immigration

entering population

interspecific

between different species

keystone species

big ecosystem effect

linear growth

constant-amount growth

logistic growth

growth slows near carrying capacity (S-curve)

mutualism

both species benefit

niche

species' role/position in environment

omnivores

eat plants and animals

organism

any living thing

overshoot

population exceeds carrying capacity

parasitism

one benefits

photosynthesis

light energy → glucose

population

same species

population growth

change in population size over time

predation

predator hunts/eats prey

predator-prey

hunter/hunted relationship

primary succession

succession

prokaryotes

no membrane-bound nucleus

producers

make own food (photosynthesis)

Protista

diverse

secondary succession

succession

species

interbreeds

species diversity

variety of species in community

symbiosis

close interaction btwn 2 species

trophic level

feeding position in food chai