Unit 3 - Fire (Speaking)

accidentally (adv) /ˌæksɪˈdentəli/

by mistake, not on purpose 🎯 Context in Unit: Nêu luận điểm về tác hại của lửa do sự bất cẩn của con người. 🔗 Collocations: accidentally start a fire, accidentally cause. 📝 Interactive/Critical Example: (Answering: Ways fire can harm us) To be honest, fire is extremely dangerous because a careless camper can accidentally burn down a whole forest. ⚡ Actionable Practice: Have you ever accidentally deleted an important file on your computer?

adapt to (v) /əˈdæpt tu/

to change your behavior because the situation you are in has changed 🎯 Context in Unit: Phản biện lại rằng thảm họa cháy rừng cũng có mặt lợi cho tự nhiên. 🔗 Collocations: adapt to changes, adapt to the environment. 📝 Interactive/Critical Example: (Answering: Does fire do more harm than good?) As a matter of fact, many plant species have adapted to forest fires and actually need the heat to grow. ⚡ Actionable Practice: Is it easy or difficult for you to adapt to a new school?

ancestor (n) /ˈænsestər/

a person related to you who lived a long time ago 🎯 Context in Unit: Nêu luận điểm bảo vệ tầm quan trọng lịch sử của lửa. 🔗 Collocations: ancient ancestor [tổ tiên xa xưa]. 📝 Interactive/Critical Example: (Answering: Is fire the biggest turning point in history?) Frankly, without fire, our ancient ancestors would never have survived the cold winters. ⚡ Actionable Practice: Do you know where your ancestors lived 100 years ago?

break out (phr v) /ˈbreɪk aʊt/

to start suddenly (usually a fire, war, or disease) 🎯 Context in Unit: Nhấn mạnh sự khó lường và nguy hiểm của các đám cháy. 🔗 Collocations: fire breaks out [đám cháy bùng phát]. 📝 Interactive/Critical Example: (Answering: Ways fire can harm us) I am concerned that when a massive fire breaks out in a city, emergency services cannot save everyone. ⚡ Actionable Practice: What should students do if a fire breaks out in the school?

cause (v) /kɔːz/

to make something happen 🎯 Context in Unit: Đưa ra tác nhân gây thiệt hại trong bài tranh biện. 🔗 Collocations: cause destruction [gây ra sự tàn phá], cause injury. 📝 Interactive/Critical Example: (Answering: Debate - fire does more harm) I totally disagree that fire is mostly good; natural wildfires cause massive destruction to wildlife habitats every year. ⚡ Actionable Practice: What usually causes you to feel stressed before an exam?

destruction (n) /dɪˈstrʌkʃn/

the damage caused to something such that it can't be used again 🎯 Context in Unit: Liệt kê hậu quả tồi tệ nhất của lửa. 🔗 Collocations: massive destruction [sự tàn phá diện rộng]. 📝 Interactive/Critical Example: (Answering: Debate - fire does more harm) Speaking of natural disasters, the destruction caused by uncontrolled fires ruins local economies and destroys homes. ⚡ Actionable Practice: What natural disaster causes the most destruction in your country?

expand (v) /ɪkˈspænd/

to become larger in size, number, or amount 🎯 Context in Unit: Miêu tả sự lây lan nhanh chóng của ngọn lửa. 🔗 Collocations: expand rapidly [mở rộng/lan rộng nhanh chóng]. 📝 Interactive/Critical Example: (Answering: Ways fire can harm us) The main problem is that a small fire can expand rapidly if the wind is strong, threatening entire neighborhoods. ⚡ Actionable Practice: Do you want to expand your English vocabulary this month?

inner (adj) /ˈɪnər/

on the inside of something 🎯 Context in Unit: Lập luận rằng lửa giúp làm sạch tự nhiên từ bên trong. 🔗 Collocations: inner part [phần bên trong], inner layer. 📝 Interactive/Critical Example: (Answering: Benefit of fire) Even though a fire looks bad, it protects the inner parts of the forest by clearing away dead trees. ⚡ Actionable Practice: Do you share your inner thoughts with everyone or just your best friend?

lower (v) /ˈloʊər/

to reduce something in strength, amount, or degree 🎯 Context in Unit: Đưa ra giải pháp kiểm soát cháy rừng. 🔗 Collocations: lower the risk [giảm thiểu rủi ro]. 📝 Interactive/Critical Example: (Answering: Benefit of fire) Actually, using controlled fires is the best way to lower the risk of larger, more dangerous natural disasters. ⚡ Actionable Practice: How can you lower your stress levels before an IELTS Speaking test?

natural disaster (n) /ˌnætʃrəl dɪˈzæstər/

an event in nature that kills or injures a lot of people 🎯 Context in Unit: Đánh giá lửa dưới góc độ là một kẻ thù của nhân loại. 🔗 Collocations: devastating natural disaster [thảm họa thiên nhiên tàn khốc]. 📝 Interactive/Critical Example: (Answering: Does fire do more harm than good?) To put it bluntly, fire acts as a terrifying natural disaster that humans still cannot fully control. ⚡ Actionable Practice: What is the most common natural disaster in your home country?

preserve (v) /prɪˈzɜːrv/

to keep something as it is, especially in order to prevent it from decaying or being damaged 🎯 Context in Unit: Nêu ứng dụng của lửa trong đời sống con người (nấu ăn/bảo quản). 🔗 Collocations: preserve food [bảo quản thức ăn], preserve history. 📝 Interactive/Critical Example: (Answering: Ways fire can be used to benefit us) One huge benefit is that fire allows us to cook and preserve our food safely. ⚡ Actionable Practice: What is the best way to preserve fresh fruit?

protection (n) /prəˈtekʃn/

the condition of being kept safe from danger 🎯 Context in Unit: Lợi ích của lửa đối với các vùng hoang dã (xua đuổi thú dữ). 🔗 Collocations: offer protection [cung cấp sự bảo vệ]. 📝 Interactive/Critical Example: (Answering: Benefit of fire) In the wilderness, building a fire provides essential protection from wild animals at night. ⚡ Actionable Practice: Does wearing a thin hat provide enough protection from the sun?

spread (v) /spred/

to move something so it covers a large area 🎯 Context in Unit: Lý do tại sao lửa rất khó kiểm soát. 🔗 Collocations: spread quickly [lan rộng nhanh chóng]. 📝 Interactive/Critical Example: (Answering: Debate - fire does more harm) The scariest thing about fire is how easily it can spread from a small campfire to a whole mountain. ⚡ Actionable Practice: Does bad news usually spread faster than good news?

take something for granted (id) /teɪk ˈsʌmθɪŋ fər ˈɡræntɪd/

to expect someone or something to be always available, so you do not value them 🎯 Context in Unit: Bàn luận về thái độ của xã hội hiện đại đối với lửa. 🔗 Collocations: take it for granted [coi đó là điều hiển nhiên]. 📝 Interactive/Critical Example: (Answering: Will there be a time fire isn't used?) We will always need fire, but because of electricity, modern people often take it for granted. ⚡ Actionable Practice: What is one thing your parents do for you that you often take for granted?

thus (adv) /ðʌs/

in this way; with this result 🎯 Context in Unit: Kết nối luận điểm nguyên nhân - kết quả trong tranh biện. 🔗 Collocations: N/A (Formal transition). 📝 Interactive/Critical Example: (Answering: Debate - fire does more harm) Fire pollutes the air with thick smoke; thus, it causes severe health problems for people living nearby. ⚡ Actionable Practice: He didn't study for the final exam, thus… (finish the sentence).

warmth (n) /wɔːrmθ/

a pleasant heat 🎯 Context in Unit: Lợi ích cơ bản và cốt lõi nhất của lửa. 🔗 Collocations: provide warmth [cung cấp hơi ấm]. 📝 Interactive/Critical Example: (Answering: Ways fire can benefit us) Before I forget, I want to mention that fire provides necessary warmth for millions of people in colder countries. ⚡ Actionable Practice: Do you prefer the warmth of the sun or the warmth of an electric heater?

burn up (phr v) /bɜːrn ʌp/

to be completely destroyed by fire 🎯 Context in Unit: Lập luận về sự mất mát tài sản. 🔗 Collocations: burn up completely. 📝 Interactive/Critical Example: (Answering: Ways fire can harm us) A major negative point is that a fire can burn up a family's house and all their memories in minutes. ⚡ Actionable Practice: Have you ever seen a piece of paper completely burn up?

burned out (phr v) /ˈbɜːrnd aʊt/

feeling extremely tired from working too hard 🎯 Context in Unit: Áp dụng idiom về lửa để trả lời phần luyện tập "Changing the topic" (Nói về kế hoạch sau đại học). 🔗 Collocations: feel burned out [cảm thấy kiệt sức]. 📝 Interactive/Critical Example: (Answering: Plans after college) I plan to travel after college because I feel completely burned out from taking so many exams. ⚡ Actionable Practice: What do you do to relax when you feel completely burned out?

dramatically (adv) /drəˈmætɪkli/

suddenly or obviously; greatly 🎯 Context in Unit: Nhấn mạnh sức ảnh hưởng của lửa đến tiến trình lịch sử. 🔗 Collocations: change dramatically [thay đổi đáng kể]. 📝 Interactive/Critical Example: (Answering: Is fire the biggest turning point?) Yes, learning to control fire dramatically improved human health and technology. ⚡ Actionable Practice: Has your English speaking improved dramatically this year?

justify (v) /ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪ/

to show that something is reasonable or necessary 🎯 Context in Unit: Bác bỏ lập luận của đối thủ trong phần Debate. 🔗 Collocations: justify the damage [biện minh cho thiệt hại]. 📝 Interactive/Critical Example: (Answering: Does fire do more harm than good?) You cannot justify the terrible damage fire does to cities, no matter how helpful it is for cooking. ⚡ Actionable Practice: How do you justify buying an expensive cup of coffee?

turning point (n) /ˈtɜːrnɪŋ pɔɪnt/

a time when an important change happens 🎯 Context in Unit: Trả lời trực tiếp câu hỏi suy ngẫm (Reflect) cuối bài. 🔗 Collocations: major turning point [bước ngoặt lớn]. 📝 Interactive/Critical Example: (Answering: Is fire the biggest turning point?) I strongly believe the mastery of fire was the single greatest turning point in human evolution. ⚡ Actionable Practice: What was a major turning point in your life?

bear in mind (id) /ber ɪn maɪnd/

to remember a piece of information when you are making a decision 🎯 Context in Unit: Đưa ra lời nhắc nhở/cảnh báo trong cuộc tranh biện. 🔗 Collocations: bear in mind that [hãy ghi nhớ rằng]. 📝 Interactive/Critical Example: (Answering: Debate - fire does more harm) We must bear in mind that forest fires destroy thousands of trees, which makes global warming much worse. ⚡ Actionable Practice: What is the most important thing to bear in mind when taking an IELTS test?

occupy (v) /ˈɑːkjupaɪ/

to fill your time or keep busy 🎯 Context in Unit: Thực hành kỹ năng "Changing the topic" (Nói về dự định tương lai). 🔗 Collocations: occupy my time [chiếm dụng thời gian của tôi]. 📝 Interactive/Critical Example: (Answering: Plans after college) Anyway, as I was saying, I want to find a job in marketing that will occupy my time and help me learn. ⚡ Actionable Practice: What hobby occupies most of your free time on the weekend?

sequence (n) /ˈsiːkwəns/

a series of related events that happen in a specific order 🎯 Context in Unit: Giải thích quy trình tự phục hồi của rừng sau đám cháy (Lợi ích). 🔗 Collocations: natural sequence [chu trình tự nhiên]. 📝 Interactive/Critical Example: (Answering: Benefit of fire) Fire is actually part of a natural sequence that helps old forests die so that new plants can grow. ⚡ Actionable Practice: Is it important to follow the correct sequence when cooking a meal?

source (n) /sɔːrs/

the place something comes from 🎯 Context in Unit: Nêu công dụng của lửa trong công nghiệp và đời sống. 🔗 Collocations: main source of [nguồn … chính]. 📝 Interactive/Critical Example: (Answering: Ways fire can be used to benefit us) Even today, burning coal and gas remains the primary source of electricity for many factories. ⚡ Actionable Practice: What is your main source of news?

Double-edged sword (id) /ˌdʌbl ˈedʒd sɔːrd/

something that has or can have both favorable and unfavorable consequences 🎯 Context in Unit: Cụm từ "ăn điểm" tuyệt đối để mở đầu hoặc kết luận bài Debate về chủ đề mang tính hai mặt như Lửa. 🔗 Collocations: act as a double-edged sword [hoạt động như một con dao hai lưỡi]. 📝 Interactive/Critical Example: (Answering: Does fire do more harm than good?) Frankly, fire is a double-edged sword; it is essential for human survival but can also destroy everything we build. ⚡ Actionable Practice: Do you think social media is a double-edged sword for teenagers?

Catastrophic (adj) /ˌkætəˈstrɑːfɪk/

involving or causing sudden great damage or suffering 🎯 Context in Unit: Từ nâng cấp hoàn hảo cho "very bad" hoặc "destructive" khi nhấn mạnh tác hại của lửa. 🔗 Collocations: catastrophic consequences [hậu quả thảm khốc], catastrophic fire. 📝 Interactive/Critical Example: (Answering: Ways fire can harm us) When a fire reaches a residential area, the results are often catastrophic, leaving hundreds of people homeless. ⚡ Actionable Practice: What would be the catastrophic result of failing your university entrance exam?

Indispensable (adj) /ˌɪndɪˈspensəbl/

so important that you could not manage without it 🎯 Context in Unit: Dùng để bảo vệ quan điểm rằng Lửa là phát minh vĩ đại và không bao giờ bị thay thế. 🔗 Collocations: absolutely indispensable [hoàn toàn không thể thiếu], indispensable resource. 📝 Interactive/Critical Example: (Answering: Will there be a time fire isn't used?) No, because fire is an absolutely indispensable resource in heavy manufacturing, like producing steel and cars. ⚡ Actionable Practice: What object in your backpack is indispensable to you?

Mitigate (v) /ˈmɪtɪɡeɪt/

to make something less severe, harmful, or painful 🎯 Context in Unit: Từ học thuật để nói về việc "giảm nhẹ" (lower/reduce) rủi ro và tác hại của hỏa hoạn. 🔗 Collocations: mitigate the damage [giảm nhẹ thiệt hại], mitigate the risks. 📝 Interactive/Critical Example: (Answering: Debate - how to balance harm and good) To mitigate the risks of deadly wildfires, governments must educate campers on how to safely extinguish their campfires. ⚡ Actionable Practice: What can you do to mitigate the feeling of nervousness before a public speech?