NAL Study Packet 2024: Games 1-4

A word that describes a noun.

Adjective:

A suffix that means without.

-less:

Degrees of Comparison:

The comparative, and the superlative forms of an adjective. For example: For tall, it’s taller, and tallest.

Conjunction:

A word that is used to connect words, phrases, and clauses. The conjunctions are for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so. (FANBOYS)

Interjection:

A word or phrase that is grammatically independent from the words around it, and mainly expresses feeling rather than meaning.

Noun:

A person, place, thing, or idea.

Indirect Object

The object the direct object, or the thing being acted upon, receives. The teacher gave the students cake.

Prepositions

A word or phrase before a noun that shows direction, time, place, or location.

Pronouns

A noun that takes the place of a noun, such as he, she, or it.

An indefinite pronoun, referring to an unlimited set of people or things. Used with a singular verb.

Anybody:

Interrogative:

Pronoun used to introduce a question.

1st Person Plural Possessive:

My, mine, ours, and our are examples of 1st person plural possessive pronouns.

Verbs

An action word that gives action to a noun.

Past Tense:

Verbs that usually have -ed or -d added to the end. Some verbs use -t instead, such as dreamt.

Independent:

A group of words that contains a subject, verb, and expresses a complete thought. They are sentences on their own.

A clause that is normally introduced by a conjunction, and is dependent on the main clause.

Subordinate/dependent:

Capitalization:

You capitalize the first letter of words in a sentence, proper nouns and names, the majority of titles, events/periods, I as a pronoun, locations, etc.

Sentence

Combine: Joining pairs of sentences by adding a conjunction to two separate sentences.

Simple: A sentence consisting of one clause with a single subject and predicate.

Complex:

A sentence containing a subordinate clause or clauses.

Between/Among:

Among is generally used when something is in, around, or in a group with few, several, or many things. Between is most commonly used when something is in the middle of 2 things or groups.

Alphabetical Order

Ordering words and phrases as the first letters appear in the alphabet, A-Z.

Analogies

A comparison between two usually unrelated things for clarification.

Anagram

A word or phrase formed by rearranging the letters of something else.

A word or phrase that substitutes for one that is harsh or mean. Ex. “being let go” instead of “fired”

Euphemism

Homophones

A word or phrase that has the same pronunciation as another, but has a different meaning or spelling. Flower and Flour

Two words that have the same spelling and/or pronunciation but have different meanings. Quail and Quail

Homonyms

Idiom

A phrase that has another meaning from that of the individual words.

Metaphor

A figure of speech meant to describe something by saying it is literally something else.

A word or phrase that is the same as a sound, such as sizzle or crackle.

Onomatopoeia

Palindrome

A word or phrase that is spelled the same backwards as it is forwards. Racecar. It can also apply to numbers. 128821.

A figure of speech giving human qualities to nonhuman things.

Personification:

A narrative or visual representation in which a character, place, or event can be interpreted to represent a meaning with moral or political significance.

Allegory

A word or phrase that calls something to mind without stating it directly. They reference other unrelated works, characters, events, etc.

Allusion

Characters

A person or sentient being in a story, poem, movie, play, etc.

A major character is who the story mainly revolves around and follows.

Major

Minor

A minor character is a side character who isn’t that important to the plot or theme.

Climax

The most intense part of a story that everything has led up to.

The problem or struggle in a story that the protagonists are trying to solve.

Conflict

Foreshadowing

When the author alludes to something that is going to happen, building suspense.

A traditional story that is meant to explain a natural phenomenon using supernatural beings.

Myth:

A person’s perspective or attitude/way of thinking or looking at something.

Point-of-View

An introduction to a book or musical work that is separate from the rest of the novel.

Prologue:

Suspense:

A feeling an author creates of excitement or anxiety about what is going to happen next.

A poem that is 5 lines long, with the first line being 2 syllables, 2nd line being 4, 3rd being 6, 4th being 8, and the last line being 2 syllables long.

Cinquain:

English Sonnet:

A poem that is 14 lines long and written in iambic pentameter. They employ a rhyming scheme.

A 3 line Japanese poem, with the 1st line being 5 syllables, 2nd line being 7, and 3rd being 5.

Haiku:

Imagery:

Language in a poem that represents a sensory experience, such as feeling, seeing, etc.

A stanza in poetry that is 6 lines long. Or a group of 6 things.

Sextet:

Arkansas Abbr:

AR

Wisconsin Abbr:

WI

The story of someone's life written by themself.

Autobiography:

Memoir:

A historical account or biography written from personal knowledge or special sources.

Earliest form of the English language, spoken in England and Scotland in the early Middle Ages.

Old English:

Palindrome:

A word or phrase that is spelled the same forward or backward.

Dewey Decimal System:

A system that organizes information into 10 areas, which are broken down into subcategories. Starts in the 000s and ends in the 900s.

An author, focused on thriller and mystery books. He is most famous for Fool Me Once, Shelter, and Stay Close.

Harlen Coben:

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow:

An American poet that is best known for poems like “Paul Revere's Ride” and “The Song of Hiawatha.”

A snake-like creature that is capable of instantly killing other creatures with its deadly stare. Found in Harry Potter by J.K. Rowling

Basilisk:

A Hobbit, who goes on an adventure with dwarves and a wizard named Gandalf. He is the protagonist of The Hobbit, written by J.R.R. Tolkein. Bilbo also makes an appearance in the sequel to “The Hobbit” called “Lord of the Rings” written by J.R.R. Tolkein.

Bilbo Baggins:

Captain James Hook, better known as Captain Hook, is the antagonist of Peter Pan. He sails on the ship The Jolly Roger, and he is Peter Pan's archenemy.

Captain James Hook:

Gandalf:

Gandalf is a wizard in the book The Hobbit, and becomes good friends with Bilbo throughout the story. He is very powerful, and always has important business to take care of. He also has a role in the sequel book titled “Lord Of The Rings”. Both books are written by J. R. R. Tolkein.

An animated anthropomorphic being in Jewish folklore, which is created entirely from inanimate matter, usually clay or mud.The most famous story with a golem in it is “The Golem of Prague”. The most famous golem narrative involves Judah Loew ben Bezalel, the late 16th-century rabbi of Prague.

Golem:

Gremlin:

A Gremlin is a mythological creature which is similar to a fairy or goblin. The creature originates from the fairy fields and woods of England. They are mischievous creatures that can be destructive and love to make things malfunction or place things in disarray.

A fictional detective created by British author Arthur Conan Doyle. He investigates cases for a wide variety of clients, including Scotland Yard. The most known books that he is in are “The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes”, and “The Hound of the Baskervilles.”

Sherlock Holmes:

Book written by Charles Dickens, A Christmas Carol is about Ebanezer Scrooge, who hates Christmas, then encounters three Christmas spirits that change his mind. It takes place in London

A Christmas Carol What is the setting?

Book written by Lewis Carroll, Alice in Wonderland is about a girl named Alice who falls down a rabbit hole and finds a fantasy world.

Alice in Wonderland

There is no singular author known who wrote this. The American name for “The Thousand and One Nights” A collection of Ariabian tales, written in the islamic golden age.

Arabian Nights

Much Ado about Nothing

Play written by Shakespeare, Much Ado about Nothing is about the love between Hero and Claudio, while Benedick and Beatrice, Hero’s cousin, also are in a relationship.

Play written by James Matthew Barrie, Peter Pan is about a boy who never grows up and takes three children to the mystical land of Neverland, where the Lost Children are.

Peter Pan: (or Peter and Wendy)

The Legend of Sleepy Hollow

A short story written by Washington Irving about a headless horseman who terrorizes the village of Sleepy Hollow. Characters from the story include Ichabod Crane, Brom Bones, and Katrina Van Tassel.

The Merchant of Venice

Play written by Shakespeare, the book is about Antonio, a merchant, who takes a loan from Shylock and is unable to repay. Antonio is almost convicted, but is saved by his friend’s wife, Portia.

Play written by Shakespeare, the book is about two friends, Valentine and Proteus, who both leave their hometown for Milan, but Proteus loves the girl Julia.

Two Gentlemen of Verona

A beautiful woman who left Sparta with the prince of Troy, named Paris. Her husband's quest to get her back led to the Trojan War.

Helen of Troy:

Androcles:

The protagonist of a story called Androcles and the Lion, where a slave named Androcles pulls a thorn out of a lion's paw.

The Roman God of war, and his Greek counterpart is Ares.

Mars:

The Roman form of the greek goddess Athena. She is the goddess of weaving and war.

Minerva:

Neptune:

The Roman god of the sea. His Greek counterpart is Poseidon.

Poseidon:

The Greek god of the sea, and he is one of the three major gods. His Roman counterpart is Neptune.

One syllable adjectives will generally get -er at the end, while multi syllable words will get “more” or “less” at the beginning.

Comparative Forms:

When two words are pronounced the same but have a different meaning, and spelling. For example new and knew

Homophones:

Past Participles:

The past form of a verb that would make sense with “have” in front of it.

Cacti

Plural Form of Cactus:

Plural Form of Church:

Churches

Crutches

Plural Form of Crutch:

Wishes

Plural Form of Wish:

Nuclei

Plural Form of Nucleus:

Plural Form of Thesis:

Theses (Thee-seez)

Possessive Plural

(If the plural already ends in s, add an apostrophe, if the plural doesn’t, then add apostrophe s)

Possesive Plural of Salmon:

salmons’ (salmon)

Possesive Plural of Tornado:

tornadoes’ (tornadoes)

Possesive Plural of Datum:

data’s (data)

Possesive Plural of Cupful:

cupfuls’ (cupful or cupsful)

Possesive Plural of Sister-in-law:

sisters-in-law’s (sisters-in-law)

Possesive Plural of Salesperson:

salespeople’s (salespeople)

Hall of Fame:

halls of fame’s (halls of fame)

Possesive Plural of Stimulus:

stimuli’s (stimuli)

Its/It’s:

Its is the possessive form, meaning that something “belongs to it.” It's is the contraction, meaning it is or it has.

Group of Ants:

Colony