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Alfred Adler
Austrian psychiatrist, founder of Individual Psychology.
Inferiority Complex
Feelings of inadequacy driving behavior and personality.
Social Interest
Desire for community and social involvement.
Striving for Superiority
Main force behind human behavior and motivation.
Style of Life
Individual's unique way of pursuing goals.
Creative Power
Individual's ability to shape personal goals.
Fictional Final Goal
Imagined endpoint compensating for feelings of inferiority.
Healthy Goals
Conscious objectives benefiting society and self.
Unhealthy Goals
Unconscious objectives stemming from neglect or pampering.
Subjective Perceptions
Behavior shaped by personal interpretations of reality.
Masculine Protest
Initial concept of will to power, later abandoned.
Striving for Success
Healthy motivation focused on collective progress.
Striving for Personal Superiority
Unhealthy drive for dominance over others.
Birth Order Influence
Impact of sibling order on personality development.
Goal-Driven Behavior
Human actions motivated by personal aspirations.
Aggression Rejection
Adler's later dismissal of aggression as main drive.
Personal Development
Growth through establishing life goals from birth.
Pneumonia Survival
Adler nearly died from pneumonia at age 5.
Academic Challenges
Faced difficulties but earned medical degree in 1895.
Freud's Influence
Joined Freud's society but disagreed with his theories.
Motivation Definition
Drive for success shaped by personal and social factors.
Self-Consistent Personality
Unified personality structure reflecting individual values.
Teleology
Behavior driven by future goals and purposes.
Causality
Behavior shaped by past experiences.
Physical Inferiorities Compensation
Overcoming feelings of weakness through beliefs.
Healthy Compensation
Improving through growth and societal contribution.
Overcompensation
Aggressive behavior or avoidance of challenges.
Demosthenes
Great orator despite speech impediment.
Beethoven
Legendary composer despite hearing loss.
Adler
Sickly childhood led to becoming a doctor.
Unity of Personality
Consistent personality despite seemingly erratic behavior.
Main Goal
Directs thoughts, feelings, and actions.
Organ Dialect
Body expresses inner goals symbolically.
Arthritis Example
Avoiding work to gain sympathy unconsciously.
Bedwetting Example
Resistance to parental control expressed physically.
Conscious Mind
Helps achieve success through clear thoughts.
Unconscious Mind
Part of a goal not fully understood.
Social Interest
Sense of belonging and cooperation with humanity.
Gemeinschaftsgefühl
Foundation of psychological health and community.
Origins of Social Interest
Develops through mother-child bond in infancy.
Role of Mother
Fosters cooperation and genuine care.
Role of Father
Balances warmth with discipline.
Importance of Social Interest
Measure of psychological health and maturity.
Styles of Life
Unique way of living, developed in childhood.
Socially Useful Life Style
Contributes to society through cooperation and courage.
Three Major Life Challenges
Neighborly love, sexual love, and occupation.
Ruling Dominant Type
Assertive, controlling, seeks power over others.
Getting/Leaning Type
Dependent on others for support and validation.
Avoiding Type
Withdraws from challenges, uses procrastination.
Socially Useful Type
Well-adjusted, balances personal goals with social interest.
Creative Power
Freedom to shape one's own life and development.
Low Doorway Analogy
Represents adapting to challenges versus refusing change.
Abnormal Development
Maladjustment arises from lack of social interest.
Unrealistic Goals
Aim too high to compensate for insecurities.
Living in Their Own World
Creates a personal reality misaligned with others.
Rigid Lifestyle
Refusal to adapt or change in behavior.
Exaggerated Physical Deficiencies
Interpretation of conditions influences psychological outcomes.
Pampered Style of Life
Overprotective parenting leads to dependency and neurosis.
Neglected Style of Life
Feel unloved, leading to insecurity and distrust.
Safeguarding Tendencies
Conscious behaviors to protect fragile self-esteem.
Excuses
Justifications for inaction to maintain self-esteem.
'Yes, but' Excuse
Agrees but provides reasons for inaction.
'If only' Excuse
Blames external factors for personal shortcomings.
Social Interest
Ability to connect and contribute to others.
Psychological Problems
Arise from maladjustment and lack of social interest.
Neurotic Individuals
Struggle with reality, often resistant to change.
Emotional Instability
Pampered individuals are overly sensitive and anxious.
Isolation in Childhood
Neglected children feel unloved and struggle socially.
Personal Development Responsibility
Individuals are responsible for their own growth.
Aggression
Behavior to protect self-esteem through dominance.
Depreciation
Undermining others to appear superior.
Accusation
Blaming others to avoid personal accountability.
Self-Accusation
Harming oneself to manipulate others emotionally.
Withdrawal
Avoiding challenges to escape difficulties.
Moving Backward
Reverting to earlier life stages for security.
Standing Still
Avoiding action to prevent failure.
Hesitating
Delaying decisions to avoid potential failure.
Constructing Obstacles
Creating excuses to delay actions.
Masculine Protest
Cultural construct of male dominance, not biological.
Cultural Conditioning
Social teachings shaping gender behaviors and roles.
Women's Reactions
Responses to societal expectations of femininity.
Family Constellation
Influence of birth order on personality development.
Firstborns
Feel powerful but anxious; experience dethronement.
Secondborns
Cooperative, competitive, but socially interested.
Youngest Children
Often pampered, leading to dependence and ambition.
Only Children
Compete with parents, developing superiority complex.
Early Recollections
Childhood memories reflecting individual life interpretation.
Dethronement
Loss of status when a younger sibling arrives.
Inflated Sense of Superiority
Overestimation of one's abilities compared to others.
Social Interest
Concern for the welfare of others.
Therapeutic Exploration
Analyzing family dynamics to understand worldview.
Personality Development
Formation of traits influenced by early experiences.
Anxiety and Memory
Highly anxious people recall fearful experiences.
Self-Confidence and Memory
Self-confident individuals remember positive interactions.
Purpose of Dreams
Dreams reveal insights into personal problems.
Dreams and Self-Deception
Dreams can disguise true feelings or fears.
Example of Dream Interpretation
Imprisonment dream reflects resistance to marriage.
Unrealistic Goals in Dreams
Unrealistic goals exaggerate power or success in dreams.
Psychological Issues
Stem from lack of courage and weak social interest.
Therapy Goals
Increase courage, self-esteem, and social interest.
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