Mental Health and Mood Disorders Practice Flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering mood disorders, anxiety, personality disorders, eating disorders, and cognitive impairments based on lecture notes.

Lithium

A first line mood stabilizer that requires monitoring of kidney/thyroid function and serum levels, where patients must maintain normal sodium intake and drink $6-8$ glasses of water daily.

Lithium Therapeutic Range

$0.6-1.2\,mEq/L$.

Lithium Toxicity Signs

Symptoms including vomiting, diarrhea, tremors, confusion, blurred vision, tinnitus, or ataxia.

Bipolar Disorder

A chronic mood disorder characterized by episodes of mania or hypomania and often episodes of depression, with periods of "normal" mood potentially occurring between episodes.

Mania

A severe state characterized by elevated or irritable mood, inflated self esteem, hyperactivity, racing thoughts, pressured speech, decreased need for sleep, poor judgement, and impulsive behaviors.

Bipolar I

A diagnosis characterized by at least one manic episode and potentially experiencing depression.

Bipolar II

A diagnosis characterized by major depressive episodes and hypomania episodes only, with no history of full mania.

Psychosis

A severe mental condition involving disorganization of personality, loss of contact with reality, delusions (grandeur/paranoid), hallucinations, and disorganized thinking.

Anticonvulsants

A group of mood stabilizers other than lithium that includes valproic acid, carbamazepine, gabapentin, and topiramate.

Panic Disorder

The most severe form of anxiety, characterized by sudden overwhelming feelings of impending doom and terror that typically occur without warning or trigger.

Major Depressive Disorder

Chronic depression lasting $2$ weeks or more characterized by pervasive sadness, loss of interest in activities, and low energy that impairs daily functioning.

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

A condition similar to PMS but involving chronic mood swings and excessive anxiety that typically requires medication.

Anxiety

A subjective internal emotional response to stress involving feelings of discomfort, dread, and apprehension related to the anticipation of danger.

Stress

External pressure or demand.

Fear

A cognitive appraisal of and response to a known danger.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

A mental health condition characterized by persistent, excessive, and uncontrollable worry about everyday issues.

Panic Attack Symptoms

A sudden episode featuring at least four symptoms such as palpitations, sweating, tremors, SOB, choking sensation, chest pain, nausea, dizziness, numbness, derealization, or fear of dying.

Agoraphobia

The fear of being in public places.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

A condition involving obsessions, compulsions, or both, which are severe enough to interfere with functioning; Prozac is the first line defense.

Obsessions

Recurrent, intrusive thoughts or images that cause distress.

Compulsions

A reaction to an obsession, such as performing repetitive rituals.

Systematic Desensitization

A therapy using gradual exposure where the patient learns relaxation techniques then slowly faces feared situations.

BMI Ranges

Normal is $20-24.9$, Obesity is greater than $30$, and Underweight is under $17$.

Anorexia Nervosa

A disorder characterized by a morbid fear of being obese and self-starvation.

Bulimia Nervosa

A disorder characterized by binging/compulsive eating followed by expelling food through vomiting or laxatives.

Binge Eating Disorder

Eating an excessive amount of food without expelling it from the body.

Cluster A Personality Disorders

Paranoid, schizonoid, and schizotypal.

Cluster B Personality Disorders

Antisocial, borderline, and narcissistic.

Cluster C Personality Disorders

Avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive.

Dementia

Progressive cognitive decline affecting social and occupational functioning; $60-80\%$ of cases are Alzheimer's.

Delirium

An acute, reversible onset of cognitive impairment often caused by medications, sleep disturbances, or new environments.

Anomia

Difficulty remembering names.

Apraxia

The misuse of objects because of failure to identify them.

Agnosia

The inability to recognize familiar objects.

Aphasia

The inability to express oneself through speech.

Positive Symptoms

Added symptoms including delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, and abnormal motor behavior such as gross agitation.

Negative Symptoms

Symptoms that take away from functioning, including lack of emotional expression, decreased verbal communication, and lack of motivation.

CAMS Model

Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality; identifies strategies for enhancing therapeutic relationships and communication about suicide.

Schizoaffective disorders

Disorganized thought processes occurring alongside mania or depression.