ALAT Final Exam Review (Chapters 1-33)

What should be the first step if a technician is bitten by an animal in the animal facility?

A) The technician should stop all activities and notify their supervisor

B) Pressure should be applied to the wound, and then a cold compress

C) The wound should be scrubbed and held under running water for 15 minutes

D) The wound should have antibiotic ointment applied, then held under running water for 15 minutes

C) The wound should be scrubbed and held under running water for 15 minutes

If an incident of animal misuse is not resolved after contacting your supervisor, you can submit your concerns to whom?

A) AVMA

B) Institutional officer

C) CEO

D) IACUC Chair

D) IACUC Chair

What is the common term for the policy that most institutions have to protect an individual who reports instances of instances of animal abuse or neglect?

A) Anti-abuse policy

B) Reporting policy

C) Protection policy

D) Whistleblower policy

D) Whistleblower policy

What is the minimum sound level that is considered a noise hazard?

A) 85 dB and above

B) 125 dB and above

C) 50 dB and above

D) 100 dB and above

A) 85 dB and above

What type of injury can be prevented from taking frequent short breaks to rest and stretch the body?

A) Mechanical injury

B) Animal bites and scratches

C) Repetitive motion injury

D) Allergic injury

C) Repetitive motion injury

What is NOT stated as a requirement for compliance with the US Utilization and Care of Vertebrate Animals Used in Testing, Research, and Training?

A) Procedures that cause more than momentary or slight pain must be performed with appropriate sedation, analgesia, and anesthesia

B) Principal investigators should determine when exceptions to these principles are required and may ignore them if they decide it is a scientific necessity

C) Animals that suffer unreleived pain and distress should be painlessly killed at the end of the procedure

D) Transportation, use, and care of animals should be in accordance with the Animal Welfare Act

B) Principal investigators should determine when exceptions to these principles are required and may ignore them if they decide it is a scientific necessity

What is NOT an example of a pathogen personnel should be vaccinated against if they work with nonhuman primates?

A) Mumps

B) B virus

C) Tuberculosis

D) Measles

B) B Virus

What type of conditions do ergonomic hazards usually cause?

A) Musculoskeletal injuries

B) Allergies

C) Infections

D) Cardiopulmonary disease

A) Musculoskeletal injuries

How should pressurized gas cylinders be stored?

A) Secured to a wall

B) Upright, in a small, enclosed space

C) Flat on the floor, in a cool, dry place

D) Chained down flat to prevent movement

A) Chained to a wall

Shielding, time, and distance are the key factors for personal protection against which of the following?

A) Allergies

B) Injuries from bites and scratches

C) Mechanical injuries

D) Radiation

D) Radiation

What mandate or document must be studied in addition to the ALAT training manual to prepare for the ALAT technician certification examination?

A) PHS Policy

B) Occupation Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals

C) AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals and the Animal Welfare Act

D) The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals

D) The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals

An exercise that involves the mock destruction of part of the facility due to an earthquake is an example of…

A) A security breach

B) An act of vandalism

C) A drill

D) A security plan

C) A drill

What is NOT a requirement of the AWA/R a researcher must comply with, if they house covered species?

A) Submit an annual report including the number of covered species used

B) Appoint an unaffiliated member to the IACUC

C) Provide dogs with exercise

D) Meet or exceed the sanitization standards for both cages and facility

B) Appoint an unaffiliated member to the IACUC

Who should receive training for handling security issues?

A) Just members of the emergency response team

B) Supervisors and other management only

C) Everyone in the animal care and use program

D) Only environmental health and safety staff

C) Everyone in the animal care and use program

Which federal law requires employers to provide a workplace free from recognized hazards that are likely to harm employees?

A) Personnel Safety in the Workplace Act

B) Occupational Safety and Health Act

C) Workplace Safety Regulations Act

D) Biohazard Safety Response Act

B) Occupational Safety and Health Act

Which of the following is TRUE about chemical hazards in an animal facility?

A) The most common chemicals in research facilities are detergents, descalers, disinfectants, and pesticides

B) Safety data sheets for chemicals and solutions are used to inventory the quantities of these items on hand

C) Chemicals should be transferred from their original containers and new labels made when they are received from the manufacturer

D) Bottles can be stored in hallways or on the floor if there is no room in the chemical storage cabinet

A) The most common chemicals in research facilities are detergents, descalers, disinfectants, and pesticide

What is an example of reduction, as described by Russel and Burch?

A) Improved statistical models

B) Cell culture

C) Using invertebrates rather than mammals

D) Computer models

A) Improved statistical models

Which organization accredits laboratory animal facilities that demonstrate that they are meeting standards outlined in the Guide and all federal and local regulations?

A) National Institutes of health Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare

B) AALAC International

C) Institute for Laboratory Animal Research

D) United States Department of Agriculture

B) AALAC International

What disease are nonhuman primates at risk of acquiring from humans, requiring periodic testing of animals?

A) Tuberculosis

B) Yellow fever

C) Shigella

D) Camphylobacter

A) Tuberculosis

Why should pregnant personnel be excused from work with cats?

A) To prevent the staff member from having to lift heavy sacks of cat litter

B) To prevent the staff member from having to receive an inoculation against measles

C) To prevent the development of allergies to cat fur

D) To prevent the possible transmission of Toxoplasmosis to the fetus

D) D) To prevent the possible transmission of Toxoplasmosis to the fetus

Which of the following would NOT be a way to protect yourself against zoonosis, allergies, or infections in the animal facility?

A) Washing hands before leaving animal areas

B) Keeping a snack in the pocket of your scrubs and eating it in between cage changes

C) Wearing gloves, bonnet, mask, gown, and shoe covers in animal rooms

D) Applying makeup and eating lunch in the breakroom

B) Keeping a snack in the pocket of your scrubs and eating it in between cage changes

If you are present in the facility when a major disaster or accident occurs, what should be your first priority?

A) Evacuating the animals

B) Protecting human life

C) Providing the animals with food and water

D) Finishing your work

B) Protecting human life

What is NOT a component of an animal care and use program described in the Guide?

A) Personnel qualifications

B) Animal environment and housing

C) Genotyping procedures

D) Euthanasia

C) Genotyping procedures

Which member of the research team coordinates animal care activities and advises on the selection of appropriate animal models?

A) Laboratory animal technician

B) Research technician

C) Laboratory animal veterinarian

D) Prinicpal investigator

C) Laboratory animal veterinarian

What is the first step to try to resolve a conflict with a co-worker?

A) Talk to the human resources department and ask for a transfer

B) Try to do your work without making your coworker upset

C) Report the problem to your supervisor immediately

D) Talk to your co-worker and see if you can discuss the issues and work out the problem

D) Talk to your co-worker and see if you can discuss the issues and work out the problem

What is the best way to measure the effectiveness of an institution-wide emergency system?

A) Statistical analysis

B) Periodic disaster drills

C) Responding to a real emergency

D) Comparing the system with a similar institution

B) Periodic disaster drills

What types of euthanasia methods are listed in the AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals?

A) Acceptable, conditionally acceptable, and unacceptable methods

B) Suitable, conditionally suitable, and unsuitable methods

C) Approved, tentative, and unapproved methods

D) Adequate, acceptable, and inadequate methods

A) Acceptable, conditionally acceptable, and unacceptable methods

What is the term for the field of study concerned with the philosophical issues raised by some medical procedures and treatments?

A) Animal welfare

B) Biotechnology

C) The 3Rs

D) Bioethics

D) Bioethics

Why should personnel always wash their hands BEFORE entering an animal facility?

A) Animals are sensitive to the smell of food and are more likely to bite

B) To prevent transferring pathogens to other staff

C) Animals in the facility should not be exposed to microorganisms from staff members’ pets

D) Surfaces in the vivarium are potential sources of contamination

C) Animals in the facility should not be exposed to microorganisms from staff members’ pets

Which animal is most likely to harbor the B Virus?

A) Sheep

B) Macaque

C) Rabbit

D) Pig

B) Macaque

Which statement about personal protective equipment is TRUE?

A) Face shields offer the best personnel protection from splashes and aerosols

B) Puncture-resistant gloves do not guarantee protection from injury, but provide additional protection should handling or restraint techniques fail

C) Cloth uniforms should be taken home and laundered at least every week

D) Masks are mandatory in all areas of the vivarium

B) Puncture-resistant gloves do not guarantee protection from injury, but provide additional protection should handling or restraint techniques fail

If infectious agents are used in the facility, it is subject to standards outlined by which regulatory agency?

A) The Centers for Disease Control

B) The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

C) The Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare

D) The Nuclear Regulatory Commission

A) The Centers for Disease Control

What should you do if you receive a threatening phone call at the animal facility?

A) Make a note of the incident in the daily records

B) Hang up and avoid the phone for at least an hour

C) Leave the area and report the incident

D) Leave the facility

C) Leave the area and report the incident

Why are animals used to study human disease?

A) It is less expensive to use animals for research studies

B) There are no regulations that restrict the use of animals for research

C) It takes less time to perform an experiment with animals than with humans

D) The physiological processes in animal models can be very similar to humans

D) The physiological processes in animal models can be very similar to humans

In the event of an emergency, what is the first thing you should do once you are out of danger?

A) Contact your institutions emergency response team

B) Re-enter the facility to see if you can save your animals

C) Contact your supervisor or co-workers

D) Move to a designated emergency staging area

A) Contact your institutions emergency response team

What is the primary focus of a facility security program?

A) To protect against theft and vandalism

B) To monitor activity around and inside the building

C) To assess and improve responses to disasters

D) To ensure a safe and secure environment

D) To ensure a safe and secure environment

Which of the following species is covered by the Animal Welfare Act?

A) Zebrafish

B) Hamsters

C) Birds bred for research

D) Mice

B) Hamster

Through the AALAS Certificate Program, technicians become certified. Name the three levels technician certification.

A) ACLAM, LAMA, DACLAM

B) CMT, CMA, CMAR

C) LVT, CVT, RVT

D) ALAT, LAT, LATG

D) ALAT, LAT, LATG

Which member of the research team plans and coordinates all phases of the research work?

A) Facility director

B) Principal investigator

C) Institutional Official

D) Laboratory animal veterinarian

B) Principal investigator

True/ False: The PHS Policy covers all live vertebrates used or intended for use in research, training, experimental purposes and biological testing

True

What security device can identify individuals using distinct characteristics such as fingerprints, voice signature, or eye structures?

A) An biopic scanner

B) Video capturing technology

C) An x-ray machine

D) A biometric device

D) A biometric machine

Using the minimum number of animals that will serve a useful purpose, yet yield statistically sound data and produce scientific benefit demonstrates which 3Rs principle?

A) Reduction

B) Reconstitution

C) Replacement

D) Refinement

A) Reduction

Which agency is responsible for enforcing the Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (PHS Policy)?

A) National Research Council

B) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

C) Food and Drug Administration

D) Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare

D) Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare

What room ventilation rate is recommended by the Guide?

A) 15-20 exchanges per hour

B) 5-10 exchanges per hour

C) 10-15 exchanges per hour

D) 20-25 exchanges per hour

C) 10-15 exchanges per hour

Large ovens that burn tissues, trash, and other materials to ash are called:

A) Refuse ovens

B) Incinerators

C) Garbage stoves

D) Industrial ranges

B) Incinerators

How often should feed hoppers be checked for animals who have a multi-day ration of feed?

A) Twice per week

B) Once per week

C) Once per day

D) Twice per day

D) Once per day

When using bleach to disinfect surfaces soiled with animal debris and organic matter, what must you be sure to do?

A) Use a detergent to loosen the debris before you clean it with a bleach solution

B) Use full-strength bleach and scrub for 15 minutes

C) Use a clean, dry cloth to dry the surface prior to use

D) Soak debris in bleach before cleaning to ensure appropriate contact time

A) Use a detergent to loosen the debris before you clean it with a bleach solution

Which item should never be autoclaved?

A) Radioactive material

B) Nonhuman primate cages

C) Polysulfone fish tanks

D) Surgical instruments

A) Radioactive material

Which vitamin is fat soluble?

A) Vitamin B12

B) Vitamin A

C) Vitamin B1

D) Vitamin C

B) Vitamin A

Which statement is TRUE?

A) Special handling and decontamination of hazardous waste is more expensive and requires more labor

B) Radioactive waste and biological waste can both be disposed of in hazardous waste receptacles

C) Animal carcasses should be disposed of other hazardous waste

D) Bedding from animals treated with radioactive material is considered general waste

A) Special handling and decontamination of hazardous waste is more expensive and requires more labor

Which of the following statements about biological cabinet safety features is TRUE?

A) Biological safety cabinets do not need HEPA filters because they are airtight

B) Biological safety cabinets are ductless to prevent microorganisms from getting into the air

C) Biological safety cabinets require early certification to ensure that they are working properly

D) All biological safety cabinets are airtight

C) Biological safety cabinets require early certification to ensure that they are working properly

What is usually added to animals’ drinking water to prevent the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A) Vitamin A

B) Calcium

C) Acid

D) Protein

C) Acid

The Guide recommends how many changes of fresh air per hour?

A) 2-5

B) 5-10

C) 10-15

D) 15-20

C) 10-15

What type of caging is the term “jump box” used to describe?

A) Activity cage

B) Transport cage

C) Exercise cage

D) Shoebox cage

B) Transport cage

What is the advantage of using an autoclave over other sterilization methods?

A) It uses inexpensive chemicals, which makes it inexpensive to use

B) It is fast, reliable, and relatively inexpensive

C) It uses high pressure at room temperature so it is safer than other methods

D) It is safe and requires no personal protective equipment to use

B) It is fast, reliable, and relatively inexpensive

Foamers aerate what two ingredients into a sanitizing foam?

A) Rubbing alcohol and detergent

B) Water and disinfectant

C) Nitrous oxide and iodine

D) Carbon dioxide and sop

B) Water and disinfectant

Where in the body are the fat-soluble vitamins stored?

A) Rumen

B) Liver

C) Pituitary gland

D) Gallbladder

B) Liver

The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals dose not recommend wire-bottomed caging for rodents because of the potential for

A) Increased soiling with feces

B) Hypothermia

C) Foot injuries

D) Cross-contamination

C) Foot injuries

What does the term “primary enclosure” refer to?

A) The animal room

B) The animal facility or building

C) The rack holding the animal’s cage

D) The animal’s cage

D) The animal’s cage

Which statement is TRUE about standard individually ventilated cages?

A) They cannot be used for biocontainment studies

B) They encourage an exchange of microbes between cages, so extra precautions must be taken

C) If ventilation fails, carbon dioxide levels can rise inside the cages

D) Bottled water cannot be used with individually ventilated caging systems

C) If ventilation fails, carbon dioxide levels can rise inside the cages

What procedure is usually followed before taking a shipping container of rodents to an animal room?

A) Transfer the animals to another cage

B) Spray the outside of a container with an approved disinfectant

C) Feed and water the animals in the shipping container

D) Allow them to remain in the container for a period of time so they can acclimate to their surroundings

B) Spray the outside of a container with an approved disinfectant

Which type of sanitization equipment can decontaminate a room using disinfectant without manually washing or scrubbing surfaces?

A) Pressure washers and foamers

B) Cabinet washers and bottle washers

C) Misters and foggers

D) Rack washers and tunnel washers

C) Misters and foggers

High humidity in animal rooms may cause which negative consequences?

A) Increased feed consumption

B) Ringtail

C) Higher ammonia levels

D) Increased feed spoilage and mold

D) Increased feed spoilage and mold

Which regulatory resource specifies the minimum clearing standards for cages, feeders, and water bottles for many laboratory animals?

A) Sanitization Procedures Regulations

B) Public Health Services Policy

C) Animal Welfare Regulations

D) Good Laboratory Practices

C) Animal Welfare Regulations

Which is a type of hay?

A) Moss

B) Alfalfa

C) Straw

D) Zoysia Grass

B) Alfalfa

Why should a vacuum in an animal facility have a HEPA filter?

A) It enhances the suction needed for cleaning

B) It lowers the turbulence in airflow

C) It minimizes the spread of dust and allergens

D) It creates less noise when vacuuming

C) It minimizes the spread of dust and allergens

Safety features on cage washers, such as a door release mechanism, are designed to prevent accidental entrapment of personnel because:

A) The lack of oxygen inside the cage washer is very dangerous

B) The recycled water in cage washers is unhealthy

C) Water gets deep during cage wash cycles and can cause drowning

D) The high temperature used in cage wash cycles can be lethal

D) The high temperature used in cage wash cycles can be lethal

Where can housekeeping supplies be stored to minimize the risk of chemical contamination?

A) Hallways

B) In a designated room for equipment and storage

C) In an animal room with elevated racks for animal cages

D) On the feed pallet

B) In a designated room for equipment and storage

What type of air supply should be used in isolation rooms?

A) High temperatures only

B) Negative pressure

C) High humidity only

D) Positive pressure

B) Negative pressure

What is the unit of measurement for the energy contained in food?

A) Kelvin

B) Calorie

C) Milligram

D) Carbohydrate

B) Calorie

What method of permanent identification in rodents is generally discouraged and usually requires special approval from the IACUC?

A) Toe clipping

B) Tattooing

C) Ear tagging

D) Ear notching

A) Toe clipping

What is the definition of sterilization?

A) The reduction of pathogenic microorganisms on an object

B) The reduction of the number of microorganisms on a surface or object to an acceptable public health level

C) The process of washing away microorganisms

D) The destruction of all microorganisms on, and sometimes in an object

D) The destruction of all microorganisms on, and sometimes in an object

In reference to change stations or laminar flow cabinets, the abbreviation “HEPA”, as in a HEPA filter, refers to:

A) Human environmental protection from allergens

B) High-efficiency particulate air

C) Humidity elevated partial airflow

D) Heat-enriched pathogen absorption

B) High-efficiency particulate air

Which of the following is NOT a type of aquatic holding system?

A) Flow-through

B) HEPA filtered

C) Recirculating

D) Static

B) HEPA filtered

What method is used to permanently identify a laboratory animal?

A) Ear notching

B) Collars

C) Colored markings

D) Cage cards

A) Ear notching

What reporting task should a technician complete as part of a comprehensive pest control program?

A) Pest control is not the responsibility of the technician, and no reporting is necessary

B) Signs of infestation should be reported to your supervisor at the end of each week

C) Mouse feces in storage areas should be logged and reported immediately

D) Bi-annual pest control assessment should be documented and filed

C) Mouse feces in storage areas should be logged and reported immediately

What type of room is used to collect blood samples?

A) Storage room

B) Animal room

C) Procedure room

D) None of the above

C) Procedure room

Aquatic caging must have which two features?

A) Overflow valves and cage clamps

B) Cage clamps and a drain

C) A water source and drain

D) High sides and resting platforms

C) A water source and drain

Which statement about feed restriction is FALSE?

A) Feed restriction may require additional record keeping, such as body weight records

B) Animals whose feed is restricted should be evaluated daily

C) Feed restrictions should be used to punish bad behavior or failure to accept trainingWhat

D) It can be used as a form of behavior modification

C) Feed restrictions should be used to punish bad behavior or failure to accept training

What drug is given in medicated feed to treat pinworms?

A) Doxycycline

B) Carprofen

C) Fenbendazole

D) Calcitonin

C) Fenbendazole

Microorganisms that cause diseases are called:

A) Saprophytes

B) Pathogens

C) Bacteria

D) Commensals

B) Pathogens

What is water hardness?

A) The amount of calcium and magnesium ions present in the water

B) The speed at which water enters the tank system

C) The acidity or alkalinity of water

D) The amount of dissolved oxygen present

A) The amount of calcium and magnesium ions present in the water

How often should water bottles be replaced in mouse cages?

A) Once per month

B) Once every 10 days

C) When they become visibly dirty

D) During every cage change

D) During every cage change

Which acronym refers to withholding both food and water from an animal?

A) GLP

B) CRO

C) PPD

D) NPO

D) NPO

Which molecules join together to form proteins?

A) Glycogen

B) Starch molecules

C) Amino acids

D) Fatty acids

C) Amino acids

Which of the following statements regarding aquatic species housing is FALSE?

A) Most aquatic facilities are on the top floor of the building to provide necessary light for the animals

B) The aquatic holding room must be able to structurally support the total weight and distribution of water in the housing systems

C) The room should have a reliable method of quickly draining water in the room in case of a flood

D) The floor should be sloped towards the drains to prevent water from pooling

A) Most aquatic facilities are on the top floor of the building to provide necessary light for the animals

Fiber is an indigestible form of what nutrient?

A) Mineral

B) Carbohydrate

C) Protein

D) Fat

B) Carbohydrate

What type of room is used to house pathogen-free animals?

A) Isolation room

B) Procedure room

C) Bioexclusion barrier room

D) All of the above

C) Bioexclusion barrier room

Which factor will have the greatest effect on the amount of dissolved oxygen in water?

A) Salinity

B) Temperature

C) Specific gravity

D) Water hardness

B) Temperature

What are tissue digesters used for?

A) Cold and flu prevention

B) Tissue disposal

C) Wound care

D) Diet preparation

B) Tissue disposal

What is the milling date?

A) The date that the feed expires

B) The date the feed arrives in the facility

C) The date after which the feed loses nutritional value

D) The date the feed was made

D) The date the feed was made

Which is NOT a function of fat?

A) Promote vitamin C absorption

B) Cushion and protect internal organs

C) Store energy

D) Provide thermal insulation

A) Promote vitamin C absorption

True/False: If a facility houses USDA- covered species, the USDA inspector may look at husbandry and health records during an inspection

True

What nonchemical methods are often used to reduce contamination in animals’ drinking water?

A) Heating to boiling and cooling

B) Acidification and chlorination

C) High-voltage electrification and grounding

D) Reverse osmosis and ultraviolet radiation

D) Reverse osmosis and ultraviolet radiation

Chemical fume hoods do not protect:

A) Personnel from exposure to volatile gases

B) Animals from volatile gases

C) Personnel from exposure to allergens

D) Animals from exposure to pathogens in the air

D) Animals from exposure to pathogens in the air

Anemia is a result of a deficiency in which mineral?

A) Copper

B) Calcium

C) Phosphate

D) Iron

D) Iron

What is an advantage of using stainless steel in caging?

A) It is lighter weight than aluminum

B) It does not have to be sanitized as often

C) it does not rust or corrode

D) It is less expensive than other metals

C) It does not rust or corrode

Which biosafety cabinets are known as “glove boxes”?

A) Class II, Type B2

B) Class I

C) Class III

D) Class II A2

C) Class III

Which of the following species prefers a cooler room?

A) Pigs

B) Rabbits

C) Rats

D) Guinea pigs

B) Rabbits

How far from the wall should feed be stored?

A) Less than 6 inches

B) Feed may be stored against the wall

C) More than 6 inches

D) More than 12 inches

C) More than 6 inches