Week 1 - Structure of Human Body

chemical level

subatomic particles form atoms, atoms combine to form molecules

cellular level

cell fluid (cytoplasm) and organelles (ex. nucleus, mitochondria) fill cells

tissue level

1 type of cell binds together into a tissue (eg. cardiac muscle tissue)

organ level

Multiple tissue types form an organ (ex. heart) with a specific function

organ system

Multiple organs work together to perform bodily functions (ex. breathing)

organism

an independent living being with multiple organ systems

structural organ systems

-skeletal: supports body and creates movement (bones, joints, cartilage)
-muscular: creates movement and manages body temperature (ex. exercise and shivering) (skeletal muscles, tendons)

sensory organ systems

-integumentary: covers organs and holds sensory receptors (hair, skin, nails)
-nervous: processes sensory information and response (brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves)

oxygen organ systems

-cardiovascular: brings oxygen and nutrients to tissues (heart, blood vessels - veins and arteries)
-respiratory: delivers oxygen and removes carbon dioxide in blood (lungs, trachea, nasal passage)

food and waste organ systems

-digestive: processes food and removes waste (stomach, liver, gall bladder, intestines)

-urinary: balances water and takes out waste (kidneys, bladder)

regulatory organ systems

-lymphatic: cleans fluids and protects against infections (thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, bone marrow, tonsils)
-endocrine: creates hormones (pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, testes/ovaries)

reproductive organ system

-male: creates sex hormones and gametes (sperm) (epididymis, testes)
-female: creates sex hormones and gametes (ova), supports fetus (uterus, ovaries, mammary glands)