Review of Lecture Notes on Material Properties

Flashcards about Diversity, Physical Properties, and Sustainability

Diversity

The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.

Physical Properties

Characteristics or attributes of a substance that can be observed and measured without changing the substance's chemical identity.

Electrical Conductivity

The ability of a material to allow electric current to flow through it.

Electrical Conductors

Materials that allow electric current to pass through them easily (e.g., copper, iron, silver).

Electrical Insulators

Materials that do not allow electric current to pass through them easily (e.g., rubber, glass, plastic).

Semi-Conductors

May conduct electricity, depending on temperature (e.g. silicon, germanium)

Thermal Conductivity

How easily a material allows thermal energy to flow through it.

Thermal Conductors

Materials that allow thermal energy to pass through them easily (e.g., aluminum, brass, iron).

Thermal Insulators

Materials that do not allow thermal energy to pass through them easily (e.g., plastic, silicon, styrofoam).

Melting Point (m.p.)

The temperature at which a substance changes from the solid-state to the liquid state.

Boiling Point (b.p.)

The temperature at which a substance changes from the liquid state to the gaseous state.

Strength

The ability of a material to support a heavy load without changing its shape permanently.

Hardness

The ability of an object to resist scratches.

Flexibility

The ability of an object to bend without breaking and return to its original shape and size after bending.

Density

The mass per unit volume of an object; the amount of matter an object has in proportion to its volume.

Principle of Floatation

Objects with a density lower than that of water will float, denser objects sink.

Vernier Caliper

Instrument used to measure external diameter, internal diameter, and depth of an object