Chapter 23: Lipids

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Phospholipids

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27 Terms

1

Phospholipids

________ contain a phosphate ester link between phosphoric acid and an alcohol.

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2

Liposome

________ is a spherical structure in which a lipid bilayer surrounds a water droplet.

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3

Glycerophospholipids

________ (also known as phosphoglycerides) are triesters of glycerol 3- phosphate and are the most abundant membrane lipids.

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4

→Waxes

________ are esters of unbranched fatty acids and alcohols.

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5

Sterol

________ is a lipid whose structure is based on a fused tetracyclic (four- ring) carbon skeleton.

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6

→Sterols

________ have many roles throughout both the plant and animal kingdoms.

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7

Soap

________ is the mixture of salts of fatty acids formed by saponification of animal fat.

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8

Grease

________ and dirt become coated by the nonpolar tails of the soap molecules and trapped in the center of the micelles as they form.

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9

→Fats

________ and oils are triacylglycerols- triesters of glycerol and fatty acids.

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10

Na +

________, K+, and other substances that maintain concentration gradients across the cell membrane cross with expenditure of energy and the aid of proteins (active transport)

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11

Lipids

________ are naturally occurring organic molecules that are nonpolar and therefore dissolve in nonpolar organic solvents but not in water.

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12

human biochemistry

In ________, the main sterol is cholesterol, which is an important component of cell membranes.

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13

triacylglycerols

They are named chemically as ________ but are often called triglycerides.

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14

Glycolipid

________ is a lipid with a fatty acid bonded to the C2¬NH2 group and a sugar bonded to the C1¬OH group of sphingosine.

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15

passive transport

Facilitated diffusion is ________ across a cell membrane with the assistance of a protein that changes shape.

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16

Lipid bilayer

________ is the basic structural unit of cell membranes; composed of two parallel sheets of membrane lipid molecules arranged tail to tail.

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17

Cell membranes

________ are composed of a fluid- like phospholipid bilayer.

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18

triesters of glycerol

All fats and oils are composed of ________ (propane 1, 2, 3- triol, also known as glycerin) with three fatty acids.

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19

Active transport

________ is the movement of substances across a cell membrane with the assistance of energy (e.g., from ATP)

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20

double bonds

If ________ are present in naturally occurring fats and oils, the ________ are usually cis rather than trans.

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21

soap

When ________ is dispersed in water, the big, organic anions cluster together so that their long, hydrophobic hydrocarbon tails are in contact, creating a nonpolar microenvironment.

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22

Passive transport

________ is the movement of a substance across a cell membrane without the use of energy, from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.

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23

saturated fatty acids

Those containing only carbon–carbon single bonds

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24

unsaturated fatty acids

those containing one or more carbon–carbon double bonds

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25

polyunsaturated fatty acid

have more than one carbon–carbon double bond

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26

degree of unsaturation

The number of double bonds present in a fatty acid

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27

fluid mosaic model

the overall structure of cell membranes is represented by this.

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