Chapter 23: Lipids

Phospholipids

________ contain a phosphate ester link between phosphoric acid and an alcohol.

Liposome

________ is a spherical structure in which a lipid bilayer surrounds a water droplet.

Glycerophospholipids

________ (also known as phosphoglycerides) are triesters of glycerol 3- phosphate and are the most abundant membrane lipids.

→Waxes

________ are esters of unbranched fatty acids and alcohols.

Sterol

________ is a lipid whose structure is based on a fused tetracyclic (four- ring) carbon skeleton.

→Sterols

________ have many roles throughout both the plant and animal kingdoms.

Soap

________ is the mixture of salts of fatty acids formed by saponification of animal fat.

Grease

________ and dirt become coated by the nonpolar tails of the soap molecules and trapped in the center of the micelles as they form.

→Fats

________ and oils are triacylglycerols- triesters of glycerol and fatty acids.

Na +

________, K+, and other substances that maintain concentration gradients across the cell membrane cross with expenditure of energy and the aid of proteins (active transport)

Lipids

________ are naturally occurring organic molecules that are nonpolar and therefore dissolve in nonpolar organic solvents but not in water.

human biochemistry

In ________, the main sterol is cholesterol, which is an important component of cell membranes.

triacylglycerols

They are named chemically as ________ but are often called triglycerides.

Glycolipid

________ is a lipid with a fatty acid bonded to the C2¬NH2 group and a sugar bonded to the C1¬OH group of sphingosine.

passive transport

Facilitated diffusion is ________ across a cell membrane with the assistance of a protein that changes shape.

Lipid bilayer

________ is the basic structural unit of cell membranes; composed of two parallel sheets of membrane lipid molecules arranged tail to tail.

Cell membranes

________ are composed of a fluid- like phospholipid bilayer.

triesters of glycerol

All fats and oils are composed of ________ (propane 1, 2, 3- triol, also known as glycerin) with three fatty acids.

Active transport

________ is the movement of substances across a cell membrane with the assistance of energy (e.g., from ATP)

double bonds

If ________ are present in naturally occurring fats and oils, the ________ are usually cis rather than trans.

soap

When ________ is dispersed in water, the big, organic anions cluster together so that their long, hydrophobic hydrocarbon tails are in contact, creating a nonpolar microenvironment.

Passive transport

________ is the movement of a substance across a cell membrane without the use of energy, from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.

saturated fatty acids

Those containing only carbon–carbon single bonds

unsaturated fatty acids

those containing one or more carbon–carbon double bonds

polyunsaturated fatty acid

have more than one carbon–carbon double bond

degree of unsaturation

The number of double bonds present in a fatty acid

fluid mosaic model

the overall structure of cell membranes is represented by this.