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Muscles of inspiration (active)
external intercostals, diaphragm, scalenes, sternocleidomastoid, pectoralis major
Muscles of forced expiration (active)
internal intercostals and abdominals
Tidal Volume
passive breathing
Inspiratory Reserve Volume
extra air you can forcibly inhale after passive breathing
Expiratory Reserve Volume
extra air you can forcibly exhale after passive breathing
Residual volume
the air left in your lungs after exhaling as hard as possible
Vital Capacity
maximum amount of air you can exhale after filling your lungs completely (TV+IRV+ERV)
Functional Residual Capacity
the total air remaining in your lungs after a normal, relaxed exhalation (ERV+RV)
Describe and give examples of Obstructive pulmonary diseases
reduction in airflow, shortness of breath (exhaling air). ex: asthma and copd
Describe and give examples of restrictive pulmonary diseases
reduction in lung volume, difficulty inhaling. ex: scoliosis and interstitial lung disease