Higher Nervous Functions MCQs

The passage of information from short-term memory to the long-lasting one is called:

a) consolidation

b) habituation

c) sensitization

d) sensory aphasia

e) motor aphasia

a) consolidation

The concrete-elementary mode of thinking is based on:

a) the second signaling system

b) the first signaling system

c) voice signaling

d) balance between first and second signal systems

e) the written speech

b) the first signaling system

In case of damage to which of the listed structures are monitored changes in the ability to remember:

a) temporal lobes and nucl. caudatus

b) some nuclei of the thalamus and hippocampus

c) nucl. caudatus and hypothalamus

d) Wernicke's and Broca's fields

e) the reticular formation of the brainstem

b) some nuclei of the thalamus and hippocampus

Areas of the cerebral cortex associated with speech:

a) are located in the right precentral gyrus

b) are located in the left precentral gyrus

c) are located in the dominant hemisphere

d) occupy large areas of the occipital lobes

e) are the primary and secondary auditory zones

c) are located in the dominant hemisphere

Habituation and sensitization are:

a) types of non-associative learning

b) types of associative learning

c) habituation is a non-associative type, and sensitization is associative learning

d) habituation is a type of associative, and sensitization is non-associative learning

e) in both cases it is a conditioned reflex

a) types of non-associative learning

Conditioned reflexes are:

a) acquired, individual, based on unconditioned, at non-support disappear

b) innate, individual, based on unconditioned, at non-support disappear

c) acquired, specie related, based on unconditioned, in the absence of support disappear

d) innate, species specific, not based on unconditioned, in the absence of support they do not disappear

e) acquired, individual, not based on unconditioned, long-lasting, unchangeable

a) acquired, individual, based on unconditioned, at non-support disappear

The understanding of listening and written speech and the expression of thoughts in verbal form is carried out through the activity of nerve cells in:

a) Wernicke's area and Broca's field

b) Wernicke's zone

c) Broca's field

d) the prefrontal association area and the motor cortex

e) the limbic association cortex

a) Wernicke's area and Broca's field

The understanding of listening and written speech is carried out through the activity of nerve cells in:

a) Wernicke's area and Broca's field

b) Wernicke's zone

c) Broca's field

d) the prefrontal association area and the motor cortex

e) the limbic association cortex

b) Wernicke's zone

Regarding the function of the cerebral hemispheres:

a) the parietal lobes are involved in pain perception

b) the frontal areas are involved in eye perception

c) damage to the temporal lobes can cause failure of object recognition

d) the right parietal lobe is important for speech comprehension

e) a, and b

a) the parietal lobes are involved in pain perception

Regarding speech:

a) in left-handed people the faculty of speech is mainly located in the right hemisphere

b) individuals affected by Broca's aphasia are able to speak only with difficulty

c) in right-handed people the faculty of speech is mainly located in the left hemisphere

d) an individual with Broca's aphasia will have paralysis of the lips and tongue

e) Wernike's aphasia results from damage to the frontal speech area

b) individuals affected by Broca's aphasia are able to speak only with difficulty

Regarding the electroencephalogram (EEG):

a) the normal EEG of an awake person is dominated by alpha waves

b) during deep sleep the EEG is always dominated by delta waves

c) the presence of theta waves in the EEG of an awake child is indicative of cerebral pathology

d) the EEG can be used to monitor the bioelectrical activity of the brain

e) none of the above

d) the EEG can be used to monitor the bioelectrical activity of the brain

Regarding sleep:

a) reflects the intrinsic circadian rhythm of the brain

b) slow wave sleep is associated with rapid eye movements

c) young adults need less sleep than elderly individuals

d) during normal sleep the secretion of growth hormone is decreased

e) women need less sleep than men.

a) reflects the intrinsic circadian rhythm of the brain

The dorsal column of the spinal cord conveys the following sensations:

a) pain

b) temperature

c) olfactory perception

d) proprioception

e) none of the above

d) proprioception

What regions of the brain are involved in emotional reactions?

a) the frontal cortex

b) cerebral cortex

c) thalamus

d) limbic system

e) the parietal cortex

d) limbic system

At what level the section of the spinal cord causes sudden death?

a) I thoracic segment

b) I-II cervical segment

c) IV lumbar segment

d) VIII thoracic segment

e) I lumbar segment

b) I-II cervical segment

Which are the functions of the brain stem?

a) control of defecation

b) control of sexual functions

c) control of cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems

d) control of micturition

e) none of the above

e) none of the above

The primary motorcortex, Broca's area, and the premotor area are located in which lobe?

a) frontal

b) parietal

c) temporal

d) occipital

e) prefrontal

a) frontal

In the medulla oblongata the following centers are located:

a) vasomotor

b) respiratory

c) emesis and coughing

d) sneezing

e) all of the above

e) all of the above

Lesions of which of the following nuclei cause hypothalamic obesity;

a) ventromedial nucleus

b) dorsomedial nucleus

c) suprachiasmatic nucleus

d) supraoptic nucleus

e) paraventricular nucleus

a) ventromedial nucleus

Loss of fear and emotion is often observed in the lesion at:

a) septal nucleus

b) thalamus

c) amygdaloidal nucleus

d) sensory cortex

e) basal ganglia

c) amygdaloidal nucleus

The Renshaw cells:

a) receive recurrent collaterals from motor neurons and inhibit other motor neurons in the vicinity

b) represent the inhibitory system of cerebellum

c) are a major component of muscle spindle

d) are present in retina

e) are present in the basal ganglia

a) receive recurrent collaterals from motor neurons and inhibit other motor neurons in the vicinity

Premotor cortex refers to:

a) some areas anterior to primary motor cortex causing complex coordinate movements like speech, eye movements

b) an area of motor cortex responsible for voluntary movements

c) an area in temporal cortex

d) an area of cerebellum and the temporal cortex

e) an area in the frontal cortex

a) some areas anterior to primary motor cortex causing complex coordinate movements like speech, eye movements

Functions of limbic system are all the following except:

a) olfaction

b) gustation

c) feeding behaviour

d) sexual behaviour

e) vision

b) gustation

REM is:

a) characterised by delta waves on EEG

b) a sound and dreamless sleep

c) characterised by total lack of muscular activity

d) referred to as paradoxical sleep

e) characterised by alfa waves on ECG

d) referred to as paradoxical sleep

Sleep deprivation:

a) can cause psychotic episodes

b) is associated with sluggishness of thoughts

c) makes a person more alert

d) has no effect on the individual

e) can cause reduction in arterial pressure

a) can cause psychotic episodes

The naked nerve endings are responsible for the sensation of:

a) pain

b) touch

c) hearing

d) vision

e) olfaction

a) pain

Ina healthy adult sitting with eyes closed the EEG rhythm registered with electrodes on the occipital lobes is:

a) alpha rythm

b) theta rythm

c) delta rythm

d) beta rythm

e) delta, folowed by beta episodes.

a) alpha rythm

The basal ganglia are primarily concerned with:

a) sensory integration

b) short term memory

c) control of movement

d) neuroendocrine control

e) control of body temperature

c) control of movement

Lesions of which of the following hypothalamic nuclei cause loss of circadian rhythm:

a) ventromedial

b) dorsomedial

c) suprachiasmatic

d) supraoptic

e) paraventricular

c) suprachiasmatic

Human circadian (24-hour) rhythms:

a) are triggered totally by external(exogenous) factors

b) depend more on the integrity of the cerebral cortex than of the hypothalamus

c) adapt within 48 hours on changing from day to night shift work

d) for melatonin secretion produce high night-time and low daytime levels of the hormone

e) for the eosinophil count produce peak values around midday

d) for melatonin secretion produce high night-time and low daytime levels of the hormone

Paradoxical (desynchronized) sleep has the following characteristics:

a) it is an active form of sleep usually associated with dreaming and active bodily muscle movement

b) is frequently called "dreamless sleep"

c) is associated with decreased in both peripheral vascular tone and many other vegetative functions of the body

d) is associated with 10 to 30 percent decreases in blood pressure, respiratory rate and basal metabolic rate (BMR)

e) the patient is easy to arouse by sensory stimuli than during deep slow wave sleep

a) it is an active form of sleep usually associated with dreaming and active bodily muscle movement

Drugs that mimic the action of acetylcholine:

a) increase the occurrence of REM-sleep

b) decrease the occurrence of REM-sleep

c) increase the duration of slow-wave sleep

d) cause the appearance of theta-waves in the EEG

e) have no effect on the sleep

a) increase the occurrence of REM-sleep

The slow-wave sleep is associated with:

a) 10 to 30 percent decrease in blood pressure, respiratory rate, and basal metabolic rate (BMR)

b) slight increase of the blood pressure, but moderate decrease of respiration rate, and basal metabolic rate (BMR)

c) decrease in basal metabolic rate (BMR) only

d) decrease of blood pressure, respiration rate, but increase of basal metabolic rate (BMR)

e) no changes in blood pressure, respiration rate, and basal metabolic rate (BMR)

a) 10 to 30 percent decrease in blood pressure, respiratory rate, and basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Intermediate long-term memory is associated with:

a) a duration of seconds to minutes

b) structural changes which occur in synapses

c) elaboration of specific protein

d) mechanism for facilitation and mechanism for habituation

e) elaboration of more acetylcholine

d) mechanismfor facilitation and mechanism for habituation

Broca's area provides:

a) control on body movement

b) control on the short-term memory

c) the language comprehension ability

d) the neural circuitry for word formation

e) the face recognition ability

d) the neural circuitry for word formation

Facial recognition areas are located:

a) on the prefrontal area

b) on the underside of the brain in the medial occipital and temporal lobes

c) on the Wernicke's area

d) on the angular gyrus

e) in the limbic system

b) on the underside of the brain lobes

Wernicke's area is important for:

a) naming objects

b) recognition of faces

c) interpretation of visual information

d) analysis of spatial coordinates of the body

e) language comprehension

e) language comprehension

Narcolepsy is:

a) daytime sleepiness

b) chronic neurologial disorder caused by the brain's inability to regulate sleep-wake cycles

c) sleepwalking

d) periodic limb movement disorder

e) none of the above

b) chronic neurologial disorder caused by the brain's inability to regulate sleep-wake cycles

Which substance is produced by the pineal gland and plays role in sleep mechanisms?

a) gama amino butiric acid

b) melatonin

c) histamine

d) serotonin

e) dopamine

b) melatonin

Wakefulness:

a) appears when the activity in acetylcholine-containing reticular activating system neurons is dominant

b) appears when the activity of norepinephrine- and serotonin containing reticular activating system neurons is domonant

c) occurs when gama amino butiric acid (GABA) release by reticular activating system neurons is increased

d) occurs when histamine release by reticular activating system neurons is decreased

e) is not in concern with alternating reciprocal activity of different groups of reticular activating system neurons

b) appears when the activity of norepinephrine- and serotonin containing reticular activating system neurons is domonant

Melatonin synthesis and secretion:

a)are decreased during the dark period of the day and maintained at a high level during daylight hours

b) are increased during the dark period of the day and maintained at high level during daylight hours

c) are increased during the dark period of the day and maintained at a low level during daylight hours

d) have no diurnal change

e) occur in the liver

b) are increased during the dark period of the day and maintained at high level during daylight hours

Slow-wave sleep:

a) is important for the proper work of the nervous system

b) is basically concerned with energy restoration and storage

c) is important for memory

d) occupies over 50% of total sleep time in neonates

e) declines rapidly with age

b) is basically concerned with energy restoration and storage