Jazz Music 102 Midterm

Syncretism

blending together cultural elements that previously existed separately

Where is Congo Square located?

Louis Armstrong Park in New Orleans

What is Congo Square famous for?

African music and historical African dances

Congo Square Characteristics

will and resistance, opposites collide, no separation of song and dance, no barriers btwn secular & spiritual impulses

Congo Square Dances

interrupted during the Civil War, continued in different forms, coincided with the rise of the first jazz bands.

Spanish Tinge

An Afro-Latin rhythmic effect that influences more conventional rhythms in jazz and popular music

Latin Catholic Church

tolerant, liberal slave laws (own property & be set free)

Dr. Issac Watts

Christian minister & hymn writer, tried to convert Africans to western musical practices -> 'Africanization of American music' (polyphonic, gospel)

Minstrelsy

white caricature of black music, black face

Work Song

-A song that is sung

-making music to encourage &contribute to labor productivity

-Call and response.

2 cultural elements African people clung to

Music & Folklore

Dionysian

spontaneous & emotional aspect of life

Creole

a person of mixed European, black, Spanish, & first Nations people decent

code noir

codes for the rights, responsibilities, and rules of conduct for interactions btwn slaves and free ppl in French colonies

Was code noir liberal or conservative"

liberal, gave free POC opportunities

Creole middle class values

-proud

-well mannered

-educated

-segregated from af. am. culture

Uptown

black culture

downtown

creole culture

uptown

bad at reading music

uptown

blues slurs & growls

uptown

improv

uptown

hotter style

Jelly Roll Morton

-N.O. Af. Am. pianist, composer

-bridged ragtime & jazz gap

-first important jazz composer

uptown

go outside creole social norms

the blues

-Af. Am. music style evolving from spirituals

-melancholy sound

-camaraderie

-identity & affirmation for oppressed musicians

country blues

vocalist w/ guitar accompaniment

classic blues

singers w/ bands

griot

-West African storyteller

-wave preserving historical & folkloric stories from tribes

classic blues

closer ties to jazz

classic blues

12 bar form

country blues

most traditional form of blues

tin pan alley

NYC music publishers & songwriters who dominated late 19th centruy & early 20th century popular music

classic blues form

intro, solos, call and response

classic blues

female awareness, nature of love, blues ethos

race records

78-rpm records -> Af Am btwn 1920s & 1940s, Af Am genres

race record genres

blues, jazz, gospel music, & comedy

ragtime

compositional style

rag

performance style

first brass bands

stars 1880

first brass bands

10 to 16 players

first brass bands

Wore military style coats

first brass bands

saw a decline during the great depression

first brass bands

Excelsior, Eureka, Deer Range, Pelican, Pickwick, Olympia, Onward, & St. Joseph

first brass bands

played for major national events

first brass bands

dedicated musicians & educators

great migration desitinations

NYC, New orleans, chicago

chicago jazz

romanticized

chicago jazz

no counterpoint/weaving together, less dense

chicago jazz

saxophone

chicago jazz

linear/melodic approach

chicago jazz

clairnet, adopt N.O. Cornet style, not arpeggiated

chicago jazz

horns play brief intros & interludes

who supported early N.O. brass bands?

benefactors

piano production

250k in early 1900s, caused ragtime popularity