19.3: Communism in East Asia

How did the communists win in China

• Mao won support of the peasants from the Long March

• Women backed communists

• The communist army outfought Jiang’s army with guerrilla tactics

• Jiang and the nationalists failed to end widespread economic hardship

• Chinese resented the corruption of Jiang’s government and his reliance on western powers

How did communism change china

• nationalized all businesses, tried to increase coal and steel output, and tried to develop heavy industry

• At first redistributed land to peasants, but then imosed collectivization

• Simplified Chinese characters to raise literacy rate

• opened schools for young and old

• Sent healthcare workers to rural areas

• women became equal in the eyes of the law

Bad effects of communism in china

• Mao built a totalitarian state

• Buddhists, Christians, and others faced persecution and death

• Communist leaders committed mass murder to get rid of landlords, middle class property owners, and others

The Great Leap Forward

• Program in china from 1958 to 1960 to boost farm and industrial output

• Created communes composed of several villages that set up backyard industries to produce steel and other products

• Was a disastrous failure

• 55 million died because of famine

The Cultural Revolution

• Youth led movement to purge China of bourgeois tendencies

• Bands of teenage Reg Guards attacked people they considered bourgeois

• Skilled workers and managers were forced to do manual labor on farms or in labor camps

• Schools and factories closed

• Caused the economy to stall

Why were China and Russia uneasy allies

• Chinese communism differed from Soviet communism

• The peasants were the force behind the communist revolution in China

• Revolutionary elite such as Burbank intellectuals and workers were the force behind Soviet communism

• The argued over borders

What caused China and Russia to end the alliance

Border disputes in 1959

Why did the US “play the China card”

So they could isolate the Soviets between NATO in the west and China in the east

Sides of the Korean War

• UN forces in South Korea

• Chinese and Soviet communist forces in North Korea

Kim Il Sung

• Ruler of Korea during the Cold War

• Was a communist ally of the Soviet Union

Syngman Rhee

• Leader of South Korea during the Cold War

• Was an authoritarian, but noncommunist

How did the Korean War start

North Korea invaded South Korea in June of 1950

Why did China join the Korean War

• The UN’s forces had pushed North Korean forces back to the 38th parallel

• Mao feared an American invasion of China

Why isn’t the Korean War not technically over

They only ever signed an armistice, no peace treaties

How did South Korea change after the war

• Student protests and growing prosperity led to direct elections

• People moved to cities and undermined traditional ways of life

Why did Kim Il Sung keep North Korea isolated

• He emphasized self reliance

• He clung to communism instead of changing