CSDI: 3020: Language Development

Innate

Children are born with the ____ ability to aquire language

Prewired

language learning is based on an innate mechanism

Enviornment

The innate linguistic mechanism is activated by exposure to language in social interaction and to experiences within the _________.

Which cerebral hemisphere contains the Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas?

Left

Broca's area

Activates the articulators for speech production

Wernicke's area

Involves the comprehension of spoken language

Neuroplasticity

the ability of the brain to change and adapt when an individual is exposed to new experiences

Neurons

The basic functional units of the nervous system and underlie all neural behaviors that support speech, language, and hearing; a nerve cell that receives and sends electrical signals within body

Sensory Neurons

nerve cells that transmit information to the central nervous system (spinal cord or brain) that includes sensations, such as touch and taste

Motor Neurons

transmit directions to muscles for movement

Dentrites

bring information to the cell body

Synapse

the structure that allows a neuron to transmit a signal to other neurons

The CNS consists of the ___ and the ___ ____

brain and spinal cord

What does the PNS consist of?

the nervous system found outside the brain and spinal cord (spinal and cranial nerves)

The CNS receives and sends information to what?

The PNS

Afferent

Nerves that conduct messages toward the brain

Efferent

Nerves that conduct messages away from the brain

The PNS consists of how many cranial and spinal nerves that interact with the CNS?

12 cranial and 31 spinal

The cranial nerves are important for __________, __________, and __________

speech, language, and hearing

Spinal nerves transmit ______ and ________ to and from the CNS

Motor and Sensory information

Cerebrum

consists of two cerebral hemispheres (right and left lobes)

Corpus Collosum

Connects the two hemispheres, allows transfer of sensory, motor, and cognitive information between the hemispheres

The Right Hemisphere’s specialty is what?

"holistic processing" including the perception/recognition of faces, photos, pictures

The right hemisphere language related skills

Attention, Memory, Reasoning, Problem- solving including comprehension and production of speech prosody, affect, metaphorical language, semantics, linguistic and ideational material and environmental sounds and pragmatics

What are the left hemispheres functions?

language, logical thought, critical thought, and reasoning abilities.

What are the four lobes of the brain?

frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital

Language processing

complex process performed by many different interconnective areas of your brain rather than a single area

The frontal and temporal lobes are more active than other regions in both _____ and ____

perception and production

Comprehension and production depends on

Your lexicon, high usage phrases, and stored linguistic rules

Heschi's Area (Gyrus)

receives auditory signals and filters incoming information, differentiating significant linguistic information from nonlinguistic noise

Linguistic information is sent for further processing to the _____ temporal lobe

left

Paralinguistic input is sent to the _____ temporal lobe

right

What do the angular gyrus and the supramarginal gyrus assist in

linguistic processing, integrating visual, auditory and tactile input with linguistic information

Angular gyrus

Aids in word recall

Arcuate fasciculus

connects Wernicke’s area to Broca’s area to create a connection between the recognition of words and the production of words

4 steps to information processing

attention, discrimination, organization, memory

Cognition includes

the skills that distinguish humans from other living entities.

- ability to create abstraction ( inner language to create thoughts about experiences)

- ability to generalize experiences and to store common experiences and results across varied outcomes ( use prior or past experiences to predict consequences)

- the ability to arrive at a conclusion, given certain facts or pieces

- ability to compare and contrast objects, entities for similarities and differences

- the ability to learn that symbols represent numerical, spatial, and conceptual information ( numbers, locations in space, concepts about time and abstract ideas.

Cognitive development depends on:

sensory input from the environment

Axon

Take information away from the cell body

Supramarginal gyrus

processes longer syntactic units