chapter 9+11

Tamoxifen

A hormone modulator used to treat breast cancer by slowing down the hormonal process that fuels cancer growth.

Hydroxyurea

An antimetabolite medication used to treat leukemia and other conditions by inhibiting DNA synthesis.

Inflammation

A biological response that involves walling off an injured area, preventing the spread of injury, and bringing the body's defenses to the needed area.

Acute Inflammation

A rapid-onset inflammatory response that terminates quickly and includes increased vascular permeability, cellular chemotaxis, and systemic reactions.

Five signs of inflammation

Rubor (redness), Tumor (swelling), Calor (heat), Dolor (pain), Loss of function (function laesa).

Exudates

Fluids that leak from blood vessels, which can be serous (clear), fibrinous (sticky), or purulent (pus-containing), among others.

Histamine

A chemical released by basophils, platelets, and mast cells that causes vasodilation and increased vascular permeability, leading to allergy symptoms.

Keloid formation

A condition characterized by hyperplastic epithelialization resulting in a large scar that exceeds the boundaries of the original wound.

Autoimmune disease

A disorder where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues due to failure to distinguish between self and foreign cells.

DMARDs (Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs)

Medications used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory diseases; they can have serious adverse effects and are contraindicated in certain situations.