5 pillers of islam Civ

1st piller of islam

shahada (faith)

2nd piller of islam

salat (prayer)

3rd piller of islam

zakat (almsgiving)

4th piller of islam

sawm (fasting during Ramadan)

5th piller of islam

hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca)

first caliph, kept tribes under control

The first caliph was Abu Bakr, who succeeded Muhammad and unified the Arabian Peninsula after his death, ensuring the continuation of the Islamic community.

Second Caliph

Umar ibn al-Khattab, known for significant expansion of the Islamic empire into the fertile cresent

Third Caliph

Uthman ibn Affan, expanded the Islamic empire further during his rule. Commisions the writing of the quran,

Shia Muslum

a branch of Islam that holds that Ali, the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, was his rightful successor.

Sunni Muslum

a branch of Islam that believes the rightful successors to Muhammad are chosen by consensus or election, rather than by familial ties.

Bedwin

a nomadic Arab of the desert, traditionally living in tents and herding livestock.

Positions of power

Sultan (power) Caliph Vizir

Badwah

a term often used to refer to the culture and way of life of Bedouin people, emphasizing their nomadic traditions and connection to desert environments, harsh life stealing to survive

Glazu

Raid, did not kill people in fear of vendettas

Muruwah

The concept of Muruwah encompasses the ideals of bravery, honor, and chivalry among the Bedouin tribes, emphasizing virtues such as loyalty, generosity, and hospitality.

Karim

generous hero

Hasah

ansesteral honor and the duty to uphold family reputation.

Sheikh

leader of the tribe

Muhammads journey

from Mecca to Medina, known as the Hijra.

Usary

The practice of charging excessive interest on loans, prohibited in Islamic finance.

Fourth Caliph

Ali, the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, known for his leadership during the early Islamic community and significant role in the Shia sect.

Mu awiya

a prominent figure in early Islam, known for establishing the Umayyad Caliphate after the death of Ali and leading military campaigns. Led by a split in the sunni and shia muslums

Jizya

a tax historically levied on non-Muslims in an Islamic state in exchange for protection and exemption from military service.

Kharaj

a land tax imposed on agricultural production in Islamic states, often paid by non-Muslim subjects in exchange for protection and rights.

Ummayad acomplishments (first time)

The Umayyad dynasty, established after the death of Ali, defeated the byzantines, turned other churches into mosks, round city is created, mamluks slaves —> zelous soldiers, vizir,

Abbasids acomplisments

made the house of wisdom

Al mamum

tried to make a theocracy but failed

Ummayads 2nd time

occupied spain, built cordoba and developed trade routes.

Fatamids

a Shia caliphate that ruled parts of North Africa and Egypt, known for their cultural and economic prosperity, tore apart the pyramid and stole its gold top,

Ghaznawids

a dynasty that emerged in the 10th century in present-day Afghanistan, tried to expand Islam into India, but it did not take well

Saljuquids

nomad warriors, created the attabeg which later on would turn on the leading power, created the suntan (power)

Atabeg

govener/regent

Mongols invade

muslums get massacured, monkge khan was great khan

Hugulu khan

grandson of ghengis khan, given two out of every ten soldiers and conqured the east.

Il khans convert to islam

islam is preserved