Basal Ganglion, Amygdala, Hippocampus - Neuroanatomy Lab Spring 2025

-basal ganglion (caudate, putamen, globus pallidus)

-hippocampus

-amygdala

What portions of the Cerebral Hemisphere are Grey matter?

-Internal Capsule (anterior & posterior limb, genu)

-External capsule

-Extreme capsule

What portions of the Cerebral Hemisphere are White matter?

-insular cortex

-extreme capsule

-claustrum

-external capsule

-lentiform nucleus (putamen, lateral palidum, medial palidum)

-internal capsule

-Genu

-thalamus OR Head of the caudate (depending on location of the stab)

ICE PICK THROUGH THE BRAIN TIME!

What are the layers (outermost to innermost) of the internal capsule?

-fibers running from thalamus to frontal lobe

-fibers connecting lentiform to caudate nuclei

-fibers connecting cortex with the corpus striatum

-fibers passing from frontal lobe to pontine nuclei

What kind of fibers will run through the anterior limb of the internal capsule?

-anterior 2/3 contains fibers of the corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts

-sensory fibers, derived from the thalamus,

-fibers of the optic radiation from the lower visual centers to the cortex of the occipital lobe

-fibers that pass from the occipital and temporal loves to the pontine nuclei

What kind of fibers will run through the posterior limb of the internal capsule?

projection fibers

nerve fibers that connect the cerebral cortex to other parts of the brain and body. They carry sensory and motor information in both directions.

association fibers

white matter tracts that connect different parts of the brain

-extreme capsule

-external capsule

Where in the internal capsule can you find association fibers?

commissural fibers

nerve fibers that connect the brain's two hemispheres

no -- they do not change layers

Do commissural fibers change layers when running in the brain?

no, d//t the anatomy of the posterior limb of the internal capsule. Visual and auditory fibers run posterior to the fibers for motor function of the face

If a patient has spastic paralysis of face but lower limbs are okay, will vision be affected?

more likely

A patient who presents with past stroke that affected lower limbs is (more/less) likely to have vision loss?

-anterior horn

-body

-trigone

-posterior horn

-inferior horn

What are the 5 distinct parts of the lateral ventricles?

-head

-body

-tail

What are the 3 distinct parts of the Caudate nucleus?

yes -- the neostriatum

In the lentiform nucleus, is there a connection between the putamen and the caudate? What is the name of these 2 structures together?

putamen, lateral palidum, medial palidum

What are the 3 sections of the lentiform nucleus?

putamen

What structure of the lentiform nucleus is visible laterally?

-putamen

-globus palidus

-caudate

-subthalamic nuclei

-substantia nigra

What are the 5 distinct parts of the basal ganglion?

putamen and globus pallidus

What 2 structures make up the lentiform nucleus?

putamen and caudate

What 2 structures make up the neostriatum?

putamen, globus pallidus and caudate

What 3 structures make up the corpus striatum?

forming and storing memories

What is the function of the hippocampus?

cortex

The hippocampus is _____ matter

bundle of fibers that LEAVE the hippocampus and run to mammillary nuclei of the hypothalamus

mammilothalamic tract

How does the hypothalamus connect to the anterior thalamic nuclei?

limbic lobe

What lobe is the fornix a part of?

-loss of ability to recall memories (details of past events and long term info)

-can still recognize things and objects

Surgical transection of the fornix will cause what?

-rostrum

-genu

-body

-splenium

What are the 4 structures that make up the corpus collosum?

-anterior commissure

-posterior commissure

What are the 2 commissures of the cerebral hemispheres?

pupillary response system (of contralateral pupil)

If you surgically ablate the posterior commissure, you will knock out what system?

amygdala

This part of the brain process and interprets sensory data, and also assigns emotional valence (especially negative) to past experiences

the cortico-hypothalamic flow or emotion and affective expression

What does the amygdala modulate?

autonomic, endocrine, and affective responses

What does the amygdala have input into?