Unit 3 History Test Review

What facilitated the spread of the Protestant Reformation, and who was responsible for it?

Printing Press - Johann Gutenberg created the printing press.

What did the New England Puritans in North America emphasize?

Puritans were also known as English Protestants, who had the intent of eliminating all aspects of Catholicism from religious practices. They also emphasized education, scripture, and civic responsibility.

Who was Martin Luther and how did he start the Protestant Reformation?

A German teacher and a monk who wrote the 95 thesis and spoke out against the church.

What were 3 main beliefs of Lutheranism?

The bible is the only source of truth, the Church is a community of believers, and you can only earn salvation through faith alone.

What did Martin Luther do while he was in hiding?

Translated the new testament into german

Who were the Jesuits? What was their impact in China?

They were members of the society of Jesus that were in an apostolic religious community who were made to translate western mathematical and astronomical works into Chinese and aroused the interest of Chinese scholars in these sciences. Went to convert Chinese people into catholicism and set up schools.

What were the causes for the spread of Islam in the early modern era?

Islam spread through military conquest, trade, pilgrimage, and missionaries.

What was the legacy of the Enlightenment?

The rise of secularism (non religion), a rise in individualism, greater belief in progress.

What were the differences between the Geocentric Theory and Heliocentric Theory?

The Geocentric theory says that everything revolves around the earth, this was made by Ptolemy. The Heliocentric theory says that everything revolves around the sun, this was made by Nicolaus Copernicus.

What was the cause of the 30 years war, who was involved and what were the effects of the war?

War between Protestants and Catholics, where ¼ of the German population died from the causes of this war, famine and disease. Marriage and birth rates dropped and the treaty of Westphalia was signed. It ended all religious wars. Weakened Germany and Spain, France was strengthened and became the European power. It offered a new way to negotiate and make treaties.

What was the Peace of Westphalia?

Two peace treaties signed in 1648. They ended the Thirty Years' War, created new boundaries. It weakened Germany and Spain, and strengthened France. Divided the Holy Roman Empire into 300 states. It offered a new way of negotiating treaties.

What is the Great Dying?

The Paleozoic era was known as the “Great Dying” culminated 251.9 million years ago in the most severe mass extinction recorded in the geologic record. Dinosaurs went extinct. The largest extinction of animals both marine and terrestrial.

Name the three values of Ferdinand Magellan’s expedition.

He proved the earth was round by being the first to circumnavigate the world, proved that the land that Columbus discovered was not India or Asia, and that all the Oceans are connected.

Name three ways Protestants and Catholic Reformation were turning points in the history of Europe.

Improved training in education for some Roman catholic priests, ended the sale of indulgences, and allowed Protestants to practice Christianity in their vernacular language.

Name the three major Protestant branches that were formed in the Reformation period.

Calvanism, Lutheranism, Anglicanism.

Who was responsible for starting Calvinism?

John Calvin

Who was responsible for the start of Anglicanism?

King Henry VIII

Who was responsible for the start of Lutheranism?

Martin Luther

What are the differences between Catholic and Protestant beliefs?

Catholic: Salvation in Faith and works Priest has access to God Pope head of church Pope authority

Protestant Bible only source of truth Salvation by faith alone You have own access to God Jesus head of church

Copernicus

Polish mathematician and astronomer who came up with the heliocentric theory, where the sun is the center of the universe.

Galileo

Was an Italian natural philosopher, mathematician, physicist, and astronomer. He invented the telescope, and argued that the earth was round. He got tried for heresy for going against the church's belief.

Sir Issac Newton

Was an English mathematician, physicist The discoverer of gravity and formulated the principal known as Newton's law of motion. Also noted for founding calculus.

Voltaire

Was a French Enlightenment writer, historian, and philosopher famous for his wit, his attacks on the established Catholic Church, and Believed in tolerance, reason, freedom of thought, and religion.

Rousseau

Was a Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer. His political philosophy influenced the progress of the Age of Enlightenment throughout Europe, as well as aspects of the French Revolution and the development of modern political, economic, and educational thought.

Montesquieu

A French judge, man of letters, historian, and political philosopher. He is the principal source of the theory of separation of powers. (Democracy, checks and balances)

Thomas Hobbes

He was an English philosopher who founded modern day political philosophy. He also believes that humans have no moral compass unless there are predetermined rules to say what actions are good or bad.

John Locke

He was an English philosopher, who believed that all human beings can reason and govern themselves.

4 Steps to the scientific method

Form a Hypothesis, Test the Hypothesis, Observe/Gather Data, Draw a Conclusion.

Heretic

Someone who goes against the teachings of the Church

Protestant

Believes in Salvation by faith alone, You have own access to God, Jesus head of church, Bible is the only source of truth.

Catholic

Salvation in Faith and works, Priest access to God, Pope head of church, Pope authority.