The Skeletal System ATLAS

Human Anatomy

How many bones are there in the skull and hyoid bone

23

How many bones are there in the inner ear

6

How many bones are there in the vertebrae

26

How many bones are there in the sternum and ribs

25

How many bones are there in the pectoral girdle

4

How many bones are there in the pelvic girdle

2

How many bones are there in the upper/lower limbs combined

120

Condyle:

a smooth, rounded knob like the occipital condyle for articulation with the first cervical vertebrae

Facet:

Flat surface that may be convex or concave like the articular facets of the vertebrae which allow for articulation with a adjacent vertebrae

Process:

A bony elevation like the styloid process which serves as an anchoring site for muscles of the tongue and pharynx

Tuberosity:

A rough surface on a bone like the tibial tuberosity which is the attachment site for the patellar ligament

Tubercle:

A rounded process like the greater tubercle of the humerus which is a site for the attachment of the rotator cuff muscles

Trochanter:

A large process like the greater and lesser trochanter of the femur which serves as a muscle attachment site

Epicondyle:

A bony projection superior to a condyle

The ___________ of the femur serves as an attachment site for ligaments and muscles

medial and lateral condyle

What are the types of elevations?

Condyle, Facet, Process, Tuberosity, Tubercle, Trochanter, Epicondyle

What are the types of depressions

Alveolus, Fossa

Alveolus:

a pit or socket as in the jaw for the attachment site of teeth

Fossa:

a shallow or broad depression as in the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone which is the articulation site for the mandible

What are the types of openings

Foramen, Fissure, Meatus, Sinus

Foramen:

a round hole or opening through a bone as in the foramen magnum of the skull where the spinal cord passes

Fissure:

a slit through a bone like the superior orbital fissure in the greater and lesser wing of the sphenoid bone. This space transmits several structures to and from the orbit, like cranial nerves III, IV and VI

Meatus:

a canal or tunnel through bone like the auditory meatus of the ear that serves to allow sound to enter the ear

Sinus:

a space or cavity in bone like the paranasal sinuses. These are extensions of the nasal cavity, lined with mucous membranes

What are the parts of the mandible

mental foramen, coronoid process, condyloid process, mandibular notch, alveolar process

What can be identified from the basal view of the skull

vomer, styloid process, mastoid process, occipital condyle, foramen magnum, carotid foramen, jugular foramen

What passes though the foramen magnum

spinal cord

What passes through the carotid foramen

carotid artery

What passes through the jugular foramen

jugular vein

What are the parts of the temporal bone

zygomatic process, external auditory meatus, mandibular fossa, zygomatic and mastoid process

What can be identified from the superior view of the floor of the cranial cavity

ethmoid, sphenoid

What are the parts of the ethmoid bone

olfactory foramina, cribriform plate, crista galli, perpendicular plate

What passes though the olfactory formina

olfactory nerves

What is the cribriform plate

roof of the nasal cavity

What is the purpose of the crista galli

for membrane attachment that covers the brain

What is the perpendicular plate

part of nasal septum between nasal cavities

What are the parts of the sphenoid bone

greater and lesser wings, sellaturcica, superior orbital alfissure, optic foramen, foramen rotund, foramen vale, foramen lacer, foramen spinous

What does the sellaturcica house

the pituitary gland

What passes through the superior orbital alfissure

nerves for eye muscles

What passes through the optic foramen

optic nerve

What passes through the foramen rotundum and foramen vale

branch of Trigeminal nerve

What passes through the foramen lacerum

internal carotid artery

What passes through the foramen spinosum

meningeal vessels

What are the general parts of all vertebrae

centrum (body), spinous process, vertebral foramen, transverse process, lamina

What are the specialized parts of the atlas

articular surface, transverse foramen, superior articular facet

What are the specialized parts of the axis

dens, superior articulation facet, inferior articular facetes, transverse foramen

What is the purpose of the articular surface

for dens of axis

What is the purpose of the transverse foramen

passage of the vertebral artery

What is the purpose of the superior articular facet

articulates with the occipital condyles of skull

What is the purpose of the superior articular facet

articulates with atlas

What is the purpose of the inferior articular facets

articulates with the next cervical vertebrae

What are the unique parts of the thoracic vertebrae

transverse coastal facet, coastal demifacet, superior and inferior articular facet

What does the transverse coastal facet articulate with

articular surface of rib

What does the coastal demifacet articulate with

head of rib

What does the superior and inferior articular facet articulate with

adjacent vertebrae

What is the unique parts of the lumbar vertebrae

superior and inferior articular facets

What are the unique parts of the sacrum

Sacral foramina, coccyx, transverse ridges, medial sacral crest, sacral canal

What are the structures to locate on the sternum

manubrium, body, xiphoid process

How do true ribs attach to the sternum

coastal cartilages

How do false ribs attach to the sternum

either individually or not at all

Which ribs do not attach to the sternum

floating ribs

What does a typical rib contain

shaft, head, neck, and tubercle

What does the tubercle of the rib articulate with

transverse process of the thoracic vertebrae

What needs to be located on the cavicle

acromial end, sternal end

What needs locate on the scapula

acromion, spine, supraspinous fossa, infraspinous fossa, coronoid process, glenoid fossa, supra scapular notch

What bone articulates with the pectoral girdle at the glenoid fossa

humerus

What needs located on the humerus?

greater tubercle, lesser tubercle, head, neck, coronoid fossa, olecranon fossa, capitulum, trochlea, medial epicondyle, and lateral epicondyle

The forearm bones contain the

radius and ulna

What needs located on the ulna

olecranon, trochlear notch, styloid press, radial notch

What articulates with the head of the radius on the humerus

capitulum

What articulates with the ulna on the humerus

trochlea

What articulates with the ulna on the radius

ulnar notch

On the ulna where does the trochlea of the humerus fit

trochlear notch

What bones are in the hand

carpus, metacarpus, phalanges

What needs identified on the carpus

trapezium, scaphoid, triquetrium, lunate, hamate, pisiform, capitate, trapezoid

What are the phalanges composed of

proximal, middle and distal segment

What does the thumb not contain

middle phalanx

What makes up an individual coxal bone

ilium, ischium, pubis

What needs identified on a coxal bone

greater sciatic notch, auricular surface, ischial tuberosity, obturator foramen, pubis symphysis, ischial spine, lesser sciatic notch, acetabulum

Where does the femur articulate with the coxal bone

acetabulum

What are the parts of the femur that need identified

head, neck, greater trochanter, lesser trochanter, medial condyle, lateral condyle, lateral epicondyle, and medial epicondyle.

What is the sesamoid bone enclosed in a tendon that secures the quadriceps muscle to the tibia

patella

What are the bones that make up the leg

tibia, fibula

What needs identified on the tibia

intercondylar eminence, later condyle, medial condyle, tibial tuberosity, medial malleolus

What is the attachment site for the patellar ligament

tibial tuberosity

What articulates with the talus of the ankle

medial malleolus

What needs located on the fibula

head, lateral malleolus

What are the bones of the foot

tarsus, metatarsus, phalanges

What is the name of the tarsus

ankle

What is the name of the metatarsus

sole

What needs located on the tarsus

calcareous, talus, cuboid, navicular, medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, lateral cuneiform

What do the phalanges (toes) contain

proximal, middle, and distal

What phalange does the big toe not have

middle