Med Surg Exam #4 Exemplars and Medications

Pyelonephritis

A bacterial infection of the kidney and renal pelvis causing symptoms like fever, back pain, and painful urination.

Kidney Stones

Hard deposits of minerals and salts that form in the kidneys, causing severe pain, blood in urine, and difficulty urinating.

BPH (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia)

Non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland leading to urinary difficulties such as weak stream and frequent urination.

Chronic IBD (Inflammatory Bowel Disease)

A group of chronic inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.

Diverticulitis

Inflammation or infection of small pouches (diverticula) in the wall of the colon, causing abdominal pain and digestive issues.

UC (Ulcerative Colitis)

A chronic inflammatory condition causing ulcers and inflammation in the lining of the large intestine (colon).

Crohn’s Disease

A chronic inflammatory disease that affects any part of the gastrointestinal tract, causing pain, diarrhea, and malnutrition.

Erectile Dysfunction

The inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual performance.

Spasmolytic agents

Medications like Ditropan (Oxybutynin) used to relieve bladder muscle spasms and urinary urgency.

Antimicrobial

Combination of Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim (Bactrim) used to treat bacterial infections.

Aminosalicylates

Medications such as Mesalamine (Asacol) and Sulfasalazine used to reduce inflammation in inflammatory bowel diseases.

Glucocorticoids

Steroid medications like Prednisone (Deltasone) used to reduce inflammation and suppress immune response.

Biologic Response Modifier (DMARD)

Adalimumab (Humira), a drug that targets specific immune system components to reduce inflammation in autoimmune diseases.

Antidiarrheal

Loperamide (Imodium), used to reduce diarrhea by slowing intestinal movement.

5-alpha Reductase Inhibitor

Finasteride (Proscar), used to treat BPH by shrinking the prostate.

Alpha-1 selective blocking agent

Tamsulosin (Flomax), which helps relax muscles in the prostate and bladder neck to improve urine flow in BPH.

PDE-5 inhibitor

Sildenafil (Viagra), used to treat erectile dysfunction by increasing blood flow to the penis.

Latex allergy

An immune system reaction to proteins found in natural rubber latex, causing symptoms like skin rash, itching, swelling, or in severe cases, difficulty breathing.

Hemolytic transfusion reaction

A serious and potentially life-threatening reaction that occurs when the immune system attacks transfused red blood cells, leading to their destruction and symptoms such as fever, chills, and back pain.

Rheumatoid arthritis

A chronic autoimmune disorder that causes inflammation in the joints, leading to pain, swelling, stiffness, and potential joint damage.

Contact dermatitis

An inflammatory skin condition caused by direct contact with an irritant or allergen, resulting in redness, itching, and sometimes blistering.

NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs) - Ibuprofen

Used to reduce pain, inflammation, and fever by blocking enzymes involved in inflammation.

Antihistamine (H1 Blocker) - Diphenhydramine

Used to relieve allergy symptoms by blocking histamine, a chemical involved in allergic reactions.

Sympathomimetics - Epinephrine

A drug that mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system, used in emergencies like severe allergic reactions to open airways and increase heart rate.

Biologic Response Modifier (DMARD) - Infliximab

A medication that targets specific parts of the immune system to reduce inflammation and slow disease progression in autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis.

Corticosteroids - Prednisone

A powerful anti-inflammatory drug that suppresses the immune system to reduce inflammation and treat various conditions.