QUIZ || Tumor Markers

A falsely low result due to antigen excess is known as:
a. Cross-reactivity
b. Antibody interference
c. Carryover effect
d. Hook effect

Hook effect

Tumor markers are primarily used for:
a. Diagnosing and monitoring cancer
b. Measuring blood sugar levels
c. Treating cancer
d. Identifying genetic disorders

Diagnosing and monitoring cancer

What is the most common detection method for tumor markers?
a. Immunoassays
b. PCR
c. Microscopy
d. Western blot

Immunoassays

What is the most specific tumor marker for prostate cancer?
a. PSA
b. NSE
c. CA 125
d. CEA

PSA

What is the most widely used tumor marker for pancreatic cancer?
a. CA 19-9
b. AFP
c. NSE
d. CEA

CA 19-9

What is the primary tumor marker for testicular cancer?
a. CA 19-9
b. PSA
c. NSE
d. β-hCG

β-hCG

What is the second leading cause of death in developed countries?
a. Cancer
b. Stroke
c. Diabetes
d. Heart disease

Cancer

What is the tumor marker associated with small cell lung carcinoma?
a. NSE
b. AFP
c. β-hCG
d. CA 19-9

NSE

Which enzyme marker is used for leukemia and lymphoma?
a. HE4
b. AST
c. LDH
d. NSE

LDH

Which of the following is an oncofetal antigen tumor marker?
a. NSE
b. PSA
c. CA 19-9
d. AFP

AFP

Which of the following is NOT a function of tumor markers?
a. Detecting recurrence
b. Monitoring treatment response
c. Screening
d. Diagnosing infections

Diagnosing infections

Which of the following tumor markers may be elevated in lung cancer?
a. NSE
b. CEA
c. ProGRP
d. All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following tumor markers may be seen in neuroendocrine tumors?
a. Synaptophysin
b. Chromogranin A
c. NSE
d. All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following tumor markers may be used in detecting breast cancer?
a. HER2/neu
b. CA 15-3
c. CEA
d. All of the above

All of the above

Which tumor marker can be elevated in gastric cancer?
a. CEA
b. CA 19-9
c. CA 72-4
d. All of the above

All of the above

Which tumor marker can be used to screen lymphoma?
a. β2-Microglobulin
b. NSE
c. PSA
d. AFP

β2-Microglobulin

Which tumor marker is elevated in ovarian cancer?
a. PSA
b. NSE
c. CA 19-9
d. CA 125

CA 125

Which tumor marker is used to monitor gestational trophoblastic disease?
a. CEA
b. CA 125
c. AFP
d. β-hCG

β-hCG

Which tumor markers are used for monitoring multiple myeloma?
a. β2-Microglobulin
b. M-protein
c. Free light chains
d. All of the above

All of the above

Which tumor markers are useful in diagnosing malignant melanoma?
a. Melanoma Inhibitory Activity
b. S100
c. LDH
d. All of the above

All of the above

A patient with elevated AFP and β-hCG is most likely to have:
a. Prostate cancer
b. Seminoma
c. Pancreatic cancer
d. Non-seminomatous germ cell tumor

Non-seminomatous germ cell tumor

A patient with elevated CEA, CA 19-9, and AFP likely has:
a. Breast cancer
b. Ovarian cancer
c. Colorectal cancer with liver metastasis
d. Prostate cancer

Colorectal cancer with liver metastasis

A seminoma will most likely be positive for which tumor marker?
a. AFP
b. CA 19-9
c. β-hCG
d. NSE

β-hCG

AFP is primarily used for detecting:
a. Prostate cancer
b. Thyroid cancer
c. Lung cancer
d. Hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma

CA 125 is a tumor marker used for:
a. Pancreatic cancer
b. Brain tumors
c. Ovarian cancer
d. Liver cancer

Ovarian cancer

CA 15-3 is frequently used for monitoring:
a. Liver metastases
b. Breast cancer recurrence
c. Prostate cancer progression
d. Lung cancer

Breast cancer recurrence

CA 19-9 is commonly associated with which of the following cancers?
a. Breast cancer
b. Prostate cancer
c. Ovarian cancer
d. Pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer

Calcitonin is a tumor marker primarily used for detecting:
a. Leukemia
b. Colon cancer
c. Medullary thyroid carcinoma
d. Breast cancer

Medullary thyroid carcinoma

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is most commonly associated with which cancer?
a. Breast
b. Prostate
c. Liver
d. Colorectal

Colorectal

HCG is used as a tumor marker for:
a. Lung cancer
b. Germ cell tumors
c. Lymphoma
d. Colon cancer

Germ cell tumors

HE4 is a tumor marker used in:
a. Leukemia
b. Ovarian cancer
c. Prostate cancer
d. Lung cancer

Ovarian cancer

Heterophile antibodies can cause:
a. Cancer metastasis
b. False-positive or false-negative tumor marker results
c. High specificity in assays
d. Increased tumor growth

False-positive or false-negative tumor marker results

Lactate dehydrogenase is useful in monitoring which cancer?
a. Liver cancer
b. Breast cancer
c. Lymphoma
d. Colorectal cancer

Lymphoma

Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is used in the diagnosis of:
a. Breast cancer
b. Prostate cancer
c. Small cell lung carcinoma
d. Colon cancer

Small cell lung carcinoma

The ideal tumor marker should be:
a. Used as the only diagnostic tool
b. Tumor-specific and easily detected
c. Present in all cancers
d. Found in healthy individuals

Tumor-specific and easily detected

The presence of β2-Microglobulin is indicative of:
a. Breast cancer
b. Hepatic cancer
c. Hematologic malignancies
d. Prostate cancer

Hematologic malignancies

To detect germ cell tumors, you may use:
a. β-hCG
b. LDH
c. AFP
d. All of the above

All of the above