AP HUG UNIT 1 REVIEW

1.1-1.7

every map has?

distortion

mercator has accurate?

direction

mercator’s distortion is in?

size and shape of land masses

homolosine has accurate?

size and shape of land masses

homolosine’s distortion is in?

distance near edges

I/U: homolosine

interrupted

interrupted map

tries to remove distortion by removing parts of the globe

uninterrupted map

displays entirety of earth’s surface

robinson has accurate?

size & shape

robinson’s distortion is near?

the poles

result of robinson’s accuracy in size & shape?

spreads out distortion across entire map

gall-peters has accurate?

size

gall-peters has distortion in?

size & direction

two main types of maps

reference & thematic

toponym

name for a place/location

reference maps

informational maps, show boundaries names, & geographic features

topographic map

uses lines to display terrain & elevation changes in an area

absolute direction

exact direction person is heading

relative direction

depends on the surrounding area, relative to another direction

absolute distance

exact distance b/w two places/objects

relative distance

approx. measurement b/w two places/objects

absolute & relative distance are measured in?

quantitative data

thematic maps

displays pattern, displays a specific topic

choropleth map

displays map w/ different colors or shades to show different quantities

dot density map

displays by placing points on map where data is occurring

graduated symbol map

uses shapes/items/symbols to show location & amount

isoline map

uses lines to connect different areas w/ similar or equal amounts of data

cartogram map

greatest value = largest area, smallest value = smallest area

flowline map

movement of different things b/w different places using arrows/lines

spatial analysis

analyzing patterns & relationship within an area

clustered

close together w/ little to no space

dispersed

objects are spread out w/ a lot of space

technologies collect data through?

remote sensing

remote sensing

collecting info about earth from satellites orbiting earth

types of geospatial technologies

remote sensing, GIS, GPS

qualitative data

info often in word form, up for debate & interpretation

is qualitative data subjective?

yes

quantitative data

info in # form, not up for debate

is quantitative data subjective?

no

when we change scale, what do we get?

diff level of insight

larger the scale the ___ detail

less

small scale map

map that shows large portion of earth but has less details in the data is is displaying

absolute location

exact spot on earth where smth is located using latitude & longitude

do the characteristics of absolute location ever change?

no

relative location

description of location based on surrounding area

place

specific point on earth w/ 1 or more unique characteristics

sense of place

strong feeling/perception ppl have of a place

ex. of physical characteristics

landforms, climate

ex. of human characteristics

religion, language

placelessness

place that does not invoke any strong response from ppl due to a lack of unique characteristics

you gain insight into a place by observing?

spatial association

spatial association

relationships b/w diff. objects in an area (how they are connected, arranged, isolated)

spatial distribution consists of?

density, concentration, patterns

concentration

how things are spread out (clustered v. dispersed)

density

amount of objects/ppl in an area

pattern

arrangement of things in an area

flow

movement of ppl, ideas, good, or services from 1 place to another & how they interact w/ each other

time space compression

reduction of time it takes for something or someone to get from 1 place to another

time space compression counters?

distance decay

distance decay

effect of distance on cultural/spatial interactions

the longer the distance, the ___ interaction

less

impact of distance decay has decreased due to?

technology

T or F: society impacts the environment & vice versa

true

environmental determinism

environment sets the possibilities for humans & society, dictates its success

environmental possibilism

idea that environment puts limits on society but ppl can modify the environment to overcome these limits

is environmental determinism or possibilism used in modern day?

possibilism

when societies seek to meet their needs & wants, what do they consume?

natural resources

scale

relationship of distance on a map to the corresponding distance on the ground

how many types of scales?

4

name the four types of scales

global, national, regional, & local

scale of analysis

observation of data at one of the four scales, how the info is being organized/presented

large scale map

map that shows less of earth but has more details in the data

large → zoomed __

in

small → zoomed __

out

region

geographic area w/ common characteristics & patterns of activity

ESPN

economic, social/cultural, political, environmental

ESPN shows us?

why a pattern appears this way

formal regions

common attributes defined by ESPN

functional regions

geographical area organized around a certain point

perceptual/vernacular regions

linked to opinions, attitudes, thoughts, or feelings on the region

TODALSIGS

title, orientation, date, author, legend, scale, index, grid, source