AP Human Geography - Unit 4 Political Geography (2019 CED)

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45 Terms

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state

the largest political unit, the formal term for a country

<p>the largest political unit, the formal term for a country</p>
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nation

group of people who have a common cultural heritage, claim a particular space based on tradition as their homeland, beliefs and values that help unify them, and a desire to establish their own state or express self-determination in another way

<p>group of people who have a common cultural heritage, claim a particular space based on tradition as their homeland, beliefs and values that help unify them, and a desire to establish their own state or express self-determination in another way</p>
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nation-state

singular nation of people who fulfill the qualifications for a state

<p>singular nation of people who fulfill the qualifications for a state</p>
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stateless nation

nations that have no independent political entity

<p>nations that have no independent political entity</p>
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multinational state

country that contains more than one nation

<p>country that contains more than one nation</p>
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multistate nation

occurs when a nation has a state of its own but stretches across borders of other states

<p>occurs when a nation has a state of its own but stretches across borders of other states</p>
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autonomous regions

defined area within a state that has a high degree of self-government and freedom from its parent state

<p>defined area within a state that has a high degree of self-government and freedom from its parent state</p>
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gerrymandering

the drawing of boundaries for political districts by the party or group in power to extend or cement their advantage

<p>the drawing of boundaries for political districts by the party or group in power to extend or cement their advantage</p>
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redistricting

redrawing district boundaries so that each district contains roughly the same number of people

<p>redrawing district boundaries so that each district contains roughly the same number of people</p>
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territoriality

a willingness by one person or group of people to defend space they claim

<p>a willingness by one person or group of people to defend space they claim</p>
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defined boundaries

established by a legal document such as a treaty that divides one entity from another (invisible line)

<p>established by a legal document such as a treaty that divides one entity from another (invisible line)</p>
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delimited boundaries

line drawn on a map to show the limits of a space

<p>line drawn on a map to show the limits of a space</p>
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demarcated boundaries

identified by physical objects placed on the landscape

<p>identified by physical objects placed on the landscape</p>
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administered boundaries

determination of how boundaries will be maintained and crossed

<p>determination of how boundaries will be maintained and crossed</p>
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sovereignty

the power of a political unit to rule over its own affairs

<p>the power of a political unit to rule over its own affairs</p>
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U.N. Law of the Sea

brought about by the United Nations, this convention was signed by over 150 countries and consists of four zones: territorial seas, contiguous zone, exclusive economic zone and high seas.

<p>brought about by the United Nations, this convention was signed by over 150 countries and consists of four zones: territorial seas, contiguous zone, exclusive economic zone and high seas.</p>
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unitary states

governmental power is held primarily by the central government with very little power given to local governments

<p>governmental power is held primarily by the central government with very little power given to local governments</p>
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federal states

governmental power is shared between the central and local governments; displays a hierarchy of power

<p>governmental power is shared between the central and local governments; displays a hierarchy of power</p>
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supranationalism

an alliance involving multiple countries for their mutual benefit such as economic, cultural or political/ military

<p>an alliance involving multiple countries for their mutual benefit such as economic, cultural or political/ military</p>
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devolution

transfer of political power from the central government to subnational levels of government

<p>transfer of political power from the central government to subnational levels of government</p>
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Balkanization

the fragmentation of a state or region into smaller, often hostile, units along ethno-linguistic lines

<p>the fragmentation of a state or region into smaller, often hostile, units along ethno-linguistic lines</p>
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centrifugal forces

forces that "pull away from the center," or ones that tend to break apart states or keep one from forming

<p>forces that "pull away from the center," or ones that tend to break apart states or keep one from forming</p>
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centripetal forces

forces that pull people together, such as religion, language, threats, nationalism, etc.

<p>forces that pull people together, such as religion, language, threats, nationalism, etc.</p>
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self-determination

concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves

<p>concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves</p>
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colonialism

The attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory.

<p>The attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory.</p>
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imperialism

A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

<p>A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.</p>
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cultural cohesion

The capacity of different national and ethnic groups to make a mutual commitment to live together as citizens of the same state.

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neocolonialism

A new form of global power relationships that involves not direct political control but economic exploitation by multinational corporations

<p>A new form of global power relationships that involves not direct political control but economic exploitation by multinational corporations</p>
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shatterbelt

a region caught between stronger colliding external cultural-political forces, under persistent stress, and often fragmented by aggressive rivals (e.g., Israel or Kashmir today; Eastern Europe during the Cold War,...).

<p>a region caught between stronger colliding external cultural-political forces, under persistent stress, and often fragmented by aggressive rivals (e.g., Israel or Kashmir today; Eastern Europe during the Cold War,...).</p>
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choke point

a strategic, narrow waterway between two larger bodies of water

<p>a strategic, narrow waterway between two larger bodies of water</p>
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demilitarized zone

A zone from which military forces or operations or installations are prohibited

<p>A zone from which military forces or operations or installations are prohibited</p>
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failed state

A state so weak that its political structures collapse, leading to anarchy and violence

<p>A state so weak that its political structures collapse, leading to anarchy and violence</p>
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Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)

the seazone extending 200 nautical miles from the coast over which a state has special rights as to the exploration and use of marine resources

<p>the seazone extending 200 nautical miles from the coast over which a state has special rights as to the exploration and use of marine resources</p>
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ethnic separatism

desired regional autonomy expressed by a culturally distinctive group within a larger, politically dominant culture

<p>desired regional autonomy expressed by a culturally distinctive group within a larger, politically dominant culture</p>
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ethnic cleansing

the mass expulsion or killing of members of an unwanted ethnic or religious group in a society.

<p>the mass expulsion or killing of members of an unwanted ethnic or religious group in a society.</p>
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terrorism

Acts of violence designed to promote a specific ideology or agenda by creating panic among an enemy population

<p>Acts of violence designed to promote a specific ideology or agenda by creating panic among an enemy population</p>
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irredentism

a policy of cultural extension and potential political expansion by a country aimed at a group of its nationals living in a neighboring country

<p>a policy of cultural extension and potential political expansion by a country aimed at a group of its nationals living in a neighboring country</p>
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semi-autonomous region

an area which can govern itself in certain areas , but does not have complete power to govern (e.g. Nunavut in Canada, Puerto Rico and Native American reservation in the U.S.)

<p>an area which can govern itself in certain areas , but does not have complete power to govern (e.g. Nunavut in Canada, Puerto Rico and Native American reservation in the U.S.)</p>
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independence movements

a movement that is trying to gain political independence for some area that it thinks should be its own country

<p>a movement that is trying to gain political independence for some area that it thinks should be its own country</p>
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international sanctions

Actions taken by countries against others for political reasons, either unilaterally or multilaterally.

<p>Actions taken by countries against others for political reasons, either unilaterally or multilaterally.</p>
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census

the official count of a population

<p>the official count of a population</p>
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reapportionment

the process of reassigning representation based on population, after every census

<p>the process of reassigning representation based on population, after every census</p>
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annexation

The adding of a region to the territory of an existing political unit.

<p>The adding of a region to the territory of an existing political unit.</p>
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satellite state

A political term that refers to a country which is formally independent, but under heavy influence or control by another country.

<p>A political term that refers to a country which is formally independent, but under heavy influence or control by another country.</p>
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genocide

the deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation.

<p>the deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation.</p>