urban dynamics
the changing elements that make up an urban environment
migration
moving from one place to another
immigration
coming into another country to live forever think: import
emmigration
leaving one's country to live in another think: export
migrants
people who elect to move
refugees
people who are forced to leave their country and cannot return
liveability
all the characteristics of a community that contribute to the quality of life of the people who live there
urban
relating to a city
rural
relating to the countryside
city
a large town
town
larger than a village, and smaller than a city
village
a community of people smaller than a town
population density
population/area
population distribution
how population is spread out in an area
push factors
negative conditions that cause people to leave their homes and migrate to another, usually urban, region
pull factors
positive conditions that attract people to new locations, usually urban, from other areas
gentrification
the process where a poor urban area is improved by wealthier people moving in, attracting businesses
urbanisation
the process of how cities grow, and an increasing population coming to live in the city
urban consolidation
a set of planning policies that intend to make an efficient development on a pre-existing urbanised area rather than on non-urbanised land
exurbanisation
the process where people move from the city to rural areas, but continue their urban ways of life
suburbanisation
the growth of areas on the outskirts of cities as individuals seek homes and commercials. one of the causes in the increase of urban sprawl
urban sprawl
a low-density urban development, which heavily relies on the use of personal transport due to a lack of access to public transport alternatives
urban decline
the deterioration of the inner city often caused by lack of investment and maintenance. usually accompanied with a drop in population, employment, etc.
urban renewel
the renovation of run-down buildings, streets or neighbourhoods, accompanied with the process of gentrification
counterurbanisation
the movement away from cities, including suburbanisation, exurbanisation, or movement to rural areas
urban villages
residential districts comprising people of the same culture and forming a community, often enclaves of an area associated with large migrant communities
spatial exclusion
areas which are restricted in spatial access in urban areas for luxury lifestyles. manifested in gated communities, walled estates and high security suburbs
overpopulation
when the number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment
natural increase
when the birth rate is higher than death rate
net migration
when the immigration is higher than emigration
immigration nations
countries with a lot of immigrants