Hobbs US History Unit 2

William Penn

Father wanted him out of jail, so he was shipped to America and made a religious haven,

Designed Philadelphia with gridded garden homes, Founded Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Delaware because of the Duke of York and King Charles II(cause of his father's connections),

Quaker troublemaker that was not welcome in England

Drafted up the Charter of Liberties

Roger Williams

Founded Providence, to "be a shelter for persons distressed for conscience" (Rhode Island)

Trekked across the wilderness with his family

Believed the state should be separate from the church

Nice to Natives

Wrote a key for the languages of America

Winthrop saved him from being hanged

Anne Hutchinson

Believed "redemption was God's gift to the elect and could not simply be earned by human effort"

Winthrop believed she was a witch

Moved to Rhode Island then New York where all but one of her daughters were murdered by natives

"American Jezebel"

Nathaniel Bacon

1676 Rebellion - Lived past the fall line (frontier)

Raged war on the inner colonists before the fall line

Colonists wouldn't supply him with money for defense against natives so he attacked them instead and took over their camp for a few days

Died of the 'bloody flux'

Metacom

King Philip's War - Wampanoag Chief

Ordered the assassination of Sassamond

Killed 600 colonists(1/10 of fighting age males) and destroyed ⅓ of all towns in New England

Captured and killed

First who considered the white people a threat to their whole tribal system

Opechancanough

Powhatan chief (father of Pocahontas) - At 78 years old, he Led a raid on Jamestown Colony in 1622 and killed 400 people

At 100 years old, he led another raid on Jamestown in 1644 and was hanged

William Kieft

Sent to manage New Amsterdam in 1638 - Tried taxing nearby tribes

Call "Council of Twelve Men" to try and get popular support for war against Natives, when they didn't care, he attacked the Natives

George Calvert

Catholic - Founded Maryland

James I's Secretary of State

Left his sons Cecil and Leonard in charge of colony

Anglo-Dutch Wars

1st only involved Europe

2nd was largely a naval war that the Dutch won in Europe but lost in America

3rd was English victory in Europe but not in America

Dutch ended up running out of money and handing over their land claims in the Treaty of Westminster

Bacon's Rebellion

Raged war on the inner colonists before the fall line

Colonists wouldn't supply him with money for defense against natives so he attacked them instead and took over their camp for a few days

Covenant Chain

Treaties between the Iroquois Confederation and the Anglos

Consisted of the Treaty of Westminster, Treaty of Albany, Treaty of Lancaster, and the Treaty of Logstown

Executrix

a woman appointed by the will of a deceased person to carry out the provisions thereof and settle the estate

Frame of Government

For the Pennsylvania colony which guaranteed rights of religious freedom, trial by jury, freedom from unjust imprisonment, and free democratic elections.

Great Wagon Road

Native American trail followed by colonists to go west

Indentured Servants

System of servitude in which the worker is contracted into servitude for a specific length of time

One half to two-third of all immigrants to Colonial America arrived as indentured servants, sometimes 75% of colonies were indentured

Came from English agricultural servitude and labor shortages

More profitable than enslaving Indians or using free wage labor

African slaves did not outnumber indentured servants until well into the 1700s

You got 50 acres per servant (headright)

Servant would sell himself to an agent( usually Captain of a ship) before leaving the British Isles. Captain takes the dude to the New World. Captain sells the contract(person). Conditions on the ship were terrible.

Criminals go instead of die - People in debt could go

Most servants were male under 25

Iroquois Confederation

Mohawk Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca

Confederation joined in 1715 by remnants from the displaced Tuscarora tribe

Kieft's War

The Crown only wanted profits so they sent William Kieft in 1638, which was a complete disaster. At first he tried taxing the Tappan and Weckquaesgeek tribes. He tried setting up a council of 12 dudes so he could support a war against the Indians, but all the council did was complain about taxes. So Kieft decided it would be a good idea to completely slaughter a bunch of Indians (Pavonia Massacre), which included women and children. This turned out great for Kieft because the surrounding tribes decided to unite and turn against the colonists and caused the settlers to hide in the fort.

King Philip's War

Raged by Metacom, who was infuriated by the English encroaching on his territory by order of the King, so he named himself a King and killed 600 colonists and destroyed ⅓ of the towns in New England

New Netherlands

Dutch began settlement of the lower Hudson during the 1620s

Moved to Manhattan Island and traded land with indians for tools- same year Fort Amsterdam constructed

Dutch lacked the drive to attain land, and fewer of them were looking for spiritual sanctuary

Dutch concentrated on trading, mainly furs.

Terribly managed- The Crown only wanted profits so they sent William Kieft in 1638, which was a complete disaster. At first he tried taxing the Tappan and Weckquaesgeek tribes. He tried setting up a council of 12 dudes so he could support a war against the Indians, but all the council did was complain about taxes. So Kieft decided it would be a good idea to completely slaughter a bunch of Indians (Pavonia Massacre), which included women and children. This turned out great for Kieft because the surrounding tribes decided to unite and turn against the colonists and caused the settlers to hide in the fort.

New Sweden

Fort Christian was established on the right bank of the lower Delaware River in 1638

Under challenge by the Dutch who already had claims to the territory

Had to surrender their position because they ran outta ammo

Pavonia Massacre

Kieft tried taxing Tappan and Weckquaesgeek tribes -tried setting up a council of 12 dudes to support war w/ Indians, but all the council did was complain about taxes - Kieft decided it would be a good idea to completely slaughter a bunch of Indians, which included women and children.

killed 130 Indians

Population Growth

Exponential

Primogeniture

The right of succession belonging to the firstborn child, especially the feudal rule by which the whole real estate of an intestate passed to the eldest son

Shenandoah Valley

Valley over the blue ridge mountains

Settlers given permission to explore all the way to South bank of the Ohio River by the Iroquis without the Shawnee(rival tribe) knowing

Treaty of Westminster

Treaty that gave away all of Dutch claim to territory to the English after the Dutch ran out of money after the 3 Anglo-Dutch Wars

Tuscarora War

Took place in North Carolina

Tuscarora tribe split into two factions

Northern faction: Chief Tom Blunt: assisted colonists in the task of rounding up the southern faction: Chief Hancock

Nine Years' War

Conflict between France and a European coalition which mainly included the Roman Empire, the Dutch Republic, England, Spain, Savoy, Sweden, and Portugal

Considered the first global war

Between French and English settlers and their respective Native American allies

Germantown

4 german settlers led a protest against slavery within the Dutch-German Quaker community that is considered to be the earliest anti-slavery document made public by whites in North America

Middle Passage

A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies

Two Row Wampum

Iroquois and Dutch treaty, extended to the English after they took over the Dutch territory

Yamasee War

Brought Charlestown to the brink of starvation

Cherokee (even though they were ambivalent) saved the colonists by allying with them to fight the Yamasee