HIST 1110 - Survey of World History Ch 8 "Worlds Together Worlds Apart" Final Exam

HIST 1110 - Survey of World History Ch 8 "Worlds Together Worlds Apart" Final Exam

What characterizes a universalizing religion?

These were appealing to diverse cultures, were able to be adapted, and missionaries spread these messages?

How did Rome fall?

This empire became so overextended that it became too expensive to keep protecting all the lands. The Goths immigrated with violence into the capital, and in addition, the Huns attacked and demanded tribute, leading to even less funds. A part of this empire survived, but it was much smaller.

Why was Constantine so important?

He decided to promote Christianity in Rome, whereas other rulers would persecute them. It became the official Roman religion. Even after the fall of Rome, it survived in Byzantium as a universalizing religion.

Why was it important that the Byzantines and the Sasanians got along? What showed the rivalry between the two cultures?

It was important because the Persian area controlled trade at the time. Justinian created the Hagia Sofia, just as Khruso I Anoshirwan created an arch. Though these places did not get along, they were religiously tolerant.

What trade advantage did the Sogdians have?

These people created oases cities, which were basically rest stops in treacherous roads. With these, the people could control trade. As these roads got safer, Buddhism could spread to China.

Buddhism and Jainism were city religions, while Hinduism was generally sent to the rural areas? What made this religion more influential?

This religion focused on the individual and devotion to god. In addition, it was more accessible, even with the varna system. Though it was influential, Mahayana Buddhism was more universalizing and focused on the divine aspect of great men.

How was Hinayana Buddhism different from Mahayana Buddhism?

It was different, in that it focused on older texts and rejected newer traditions.

How did the spread of Sanskrit help Brahmanism?

This language became non religious, providing accessibility to the religious texts, like the Code of Manu. Indic culture was a combination of Hinduism and Brahmanism

After the fall of the Han, the Northern Wei became a prominent dynasty. What was their rule characterized by?

This group wanted to prove their legitimacy as Chinese, as they were nomads, so they preserved history and promoted Chinese culture. To make amends with the old leaders, they tried giving them land. This did not work, and conflict caused it to fall apart. Though a divided nation, Buddhism united China.

What characterized the Bantu people?

These people used iron tools, but could only sustinence farm due to the tseste fly. They absorbed tribes / hunter gatherer societies as they migrated and were able to adapt across their environments. Some had kings, others had ruling elders.

After the Olmecs, who rose up? What were they known for?

The Teotihuacan took over and were known for trading.

What was the Mayan civilization characterized by?

Villages had a shamanistic king who would perform violent rituals. They had a unified language and writing, but eventually abandoned their towns due to civil wars.