Seminal Fluid & Testosterone

Testosterone supports the development of primary _____________, secondary ____________, _________, and ________ mass.

sexual organs - sexual characteristics - sperm - muscle

Test. increases secretions from _____ and ______ glands and contributes to _________.

oil - sweat - male pattern baldness

__________ causes ______________ in testes to take up testosterone to produce sperm.

FSH - spermatogenic cells

Four hormones are involved in the control of testosterone:

1. Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone: (GnRH)

2. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

3. Luteinizing hormone (LH) / Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone (ICSH)

4. Inhibin

Hypothalamus controls the ______ by secreting ______ that triggers the anterior pituitary to produce ______ and _______

testes - GnRH - FSH - LH/ICSH

FSH released by the anterior pituitary promotes the process of _______ within _________ by entering ________ to make them uptake testosterone therefore producing _______.

spermatogenesis - seminiferous tubules - sertoli cells - sperm

Sertoli cells located within __________ release ________ into the _________ as sperm is produced.

seminiferous tubules - inhibin - bloodstream

The hypothalamus tracks levels of sperm using _______. When this is high, the hypothalamus reduces the release of _______ which in turn makes the pituitary release less ____, reducing the amount of ________ being released. (________ feedback)

inhibin - GnRH - FSH - sperm - negative

_______ stimulates the production of testosterone within ________.

LH/ICSH - interstitial cells

When the hypothalamus senses high levels of LH, it _______ GnRH causing the pituitary to release less _________ and therefore less _________ is produced.

reduces - LH - test.

The path of sperm: (5 steps)

1. Testes

2. Epididymis

3. Ductus Van Deferens

4. Prostate Gland

5. Urethra

3 steps to ejaculation:

1. Erection

2. Stimulation

3. Ejaculation

Erection: ____________ will dilate to allow blood into the spongy tissue of the penis as the result of _______. The ________ will then be forced shut to ________ the tissue allowing insertion

Penile artery - sexual arousal - penile vein - engorge

Stimulation: Tactile stimulation of the ______ results in nerves to the ____________,___________, and ____________ being stimulated.

glans - vas/ductus deferens - urethra - glands

Ejaculation: Stimulation of nerves will cause _____________ to occur and hence ejaculation. ____________ is secreted from the glands and _______ enters the ___________.

muscle contractions - seminal fluid - sperm - ejaculatory duct

Following __________, there is a refractory period where __________ will constrict to increase blood flow entering/exiting the penis.

ejaculation - penile artery - exiting

The penis deposits sperm at the _______

cervix

Seminal fluid is composed of secretions from three different organs:

1. Seminal Vesicles

2. Prostate Gland

3. Cowper’s Gland

Semen is composed of _________ and ___________ which contain basic fluids, ___________, and ____________.

seminal fluid - sperm - fructose - Prostaglandins

Sperm consists of three regions:

1. Head

2. Middle piece

3. Tail

Acrosomes are in the ______ of the sperm along with the ______ and are a aggregation of _________ that allow for penetration of the ___________ for fertilization to occur

head - haploid cell - lysosomes - egg membrane

The middle piece of sperm contains ___________ that uptake _______ from seminal vesicles to power the ______

mitochondria - glucose - tail

The tail of sperm propel the sperm through cervix, __________, and ___________ to the site of fertilization. Has the same structure as _______________________ arrangement.

uterus - oviduct/fallopian tubes - flagella 9 + 2 microtubule

Normal male releases ______ sperm per ejaculation, fewer than ______ make it to the egg’s vicinity. The egg is _________x larger than the sperm

100M - 100 - 100,000