Pharmacognosy and Plant Chemistry - Resins

Flashcards based on lecture notes about resins, their classification, extraction methods, tests, sources, and uses.

Resin

More or less solid amorphous products of complex chemical nature.

Properties of Resins

Hard, transparent or translucent substances that soften and melt upon heating, yielding clear, adhesive fluids.

Acid Resins

They contain a large proportion of oxy-acids usually combining the properties of carboxylic acids and phenols.

Resin Alcohols

Complex alcohols of high molecular weight that give tannin reaction with iron salts.

Resenes

Complex neutral substances devoid of characteristic chemical properties; do not form salts or esters and are insoluble in and resist hydrolysis by alkalies.

Glycoresins

Complex mixtures yielding sugar and complex resin acids on hydrolysis.

Ester Resins

Resins that contains esters as the chief constituents.

Oleo-Gum-Resins

Mixtures of resins, gum, volatile oil, and frequently, small quantities of other substances.

Oleoresins

Homogenous mixtures of resins and volatile oils.

Balsam

Resinous mixtures that contain large proportions of cinnamic acid, benzoic acid, or both esters of these acids.

Extraction by Making Incisions

Collecting resin by causing minor damage to the tree by making a hole in the trunk to puncture the vacuoles.

Steam Distillation

Used mainly to extract essential oils from plants by passing pressurized steam through the plant material.

Maceration

Soaking plant matter in vegetable oil, water, or another solvent to create an infused oil, extract, or resin.

Cold Pressing

Used to extract essential oils from citrus rinds by grinding, chopping, and pressing the rinds.

High Pressure CO2 Extraction

Using Carbon Dioxide to extract alkaloids, essential oils, or resins from the plant when liquefied under pressure.

Solvent Extraction

Adding a hydrocarbon solvent to the plant material to help dissolve the essential oil.

Hydrochloric acid test result for resins

Pink coloration of the solution.

FeCl3 test result for resins

Greenish blue coloration of the solution

Acetic anhydride test result for resins

Formation of Orange to yellow color.

Tincture Alkana/ Alkanna Tinctoria Test result for resins

Red colors or red coloration.

Almaciga

Agathis alba (Pinaceae); Resin from stem

Mangostan

Garcinia mangostana (Clusiaceae/ Guttiferae); Resin from fruit

Kamokamotihan

Ipomoea hederacea (Convolvulaceae); Resin from fruit

Counterirritant

Turpentine

GUT disinfectant, Diuretic, Expectorant, Laxative

Copaiba

Protective, Stimulant, Expectorant, and Diuretic

Myrrh

Antiseptic, Expectorant, and Diuretic

Benzoin

Pharmaceutic aid for compound benzoin tincture, Expectorant, Flavoring in medicated syrup, and in perfumery

Tolu

Expectorant, Diuretic, and Antiseptic

Storax