Untitled Flashcards Set

Neolithic Revolution

The transition from small, nomadic bands of hunter-gatherers to larger agricultural settlements around 10,000 B.C.

Fertile Crescent

A region in the Middle East, comprising parts of Syria, Lebanon, and Turkey, known as the early hearth of agriculture.

Subsistence Farming

A farming method where the primary goal is to produce enough food for the farmer's family and immediate community, with little surplus for sale.

Shifting Cultivation (Slash-and-Burn)

A traditional method where farmers clear a forest patch, cultivate it for a few years, then leave it fallow to recover fertility.

Plantation Agriculture

Large-scale monoculture farming focused on cash crops, often associated with foreign investment and export-oriented production.

Industrial Agriculture

Highly industrialized and mechanized farming prevalent in more developed countries, emphasizing efficiency, scale, and productivity.

Precision Agriculture

A farming management concept using technology, including GPS, drones, and sensors, to optimize field-level management regarding crop farming.

Greenhouse Farming

Controlled-environment agriculture that allows year-round crop production using systems that regulate temperature, humidity, and light.

The Green Revolution

A transformative 20th-century agricultural initiative that increased food production using modern techniques and technologies.

Norman Borlaug

An American agricultural scientist known as the 'Father of the Green Revolution' who helped reduce hunger through technological advances.

Positive Effects of the Green Revolution

Includes increased food production, changes in traditional farming practices, reduced food prices, limited deforestation, and rural development.

Negative Effects of the Green Revolution

Includes harmful effects on land and human health, increased production costs, lack of employment opportunities, and extinction of indigenous crop varieties.

Agricultural Revolution

The period of technological improvement and increased crop productivity that occurred during the 18th and 19th centuries, leading to changes in farming practices.