Module 8 Energy Balance, Overweight/Obese, Underweight, and Eating Disorders

The fuel for our bodies to function

food

Nutrient intakes depend on

• size

• gender

• environment

• activity level

• health status

Maintaining a healthy body weight requires

balancing food intake and physical activity

Consuming more calories than burned off will result in

weight gain over time

Consuming fewer calories than burned will result in

weight loss over time

Weight management all comes down to

calories

Calories

a unit of heat energy

the amount of heat required to raise one kilogram of water one degree Celsius

The calorie referred to in food

kilocalories or kcal's

Calories in Carbohydrates

4 kcals per gram

Calories in Protein

4 kcals per gram

Calories in Fat

9 kcals per gram

Calories in Alcohol

7 kcals per gram

Food intake is controlled by

• hunger

• appetite

• satiation and satiety

• cravings

• emotions

• advertising

• body image

• dieting

• health

• hormones

• income

• availability

• habit

Hunger

the physiological urge to eat

Hunger is controlled by

chemical messengers originating in the hypothalamus of the brain

Some people could lack hunger due to

• sickness

• have a chronic disease (cancer, etc.)

• suffering from emotional problems such as depression

Chronic hunger

refers to malnutrition and the absence of enough healthy and safe food by a person who wants to eat, such as poverty, famine, and war

Appetite

the desire to eat

Appetite can be stimulated by

the sight and smell of food and emotional state

people who have large appetites are more likely

to be overweight or obese

Our eating patterns start when

we are very young and are influenced by many things throughout our life

The consistent overconsumption of calories leads to

gradual weight gain over time

How can we determine how many calories a person needs to consume?

we must consider how energy is used in the body

three main ways we can expend calories

• basal metabolic rate (BMR)

• thermic effect of food (TEF)

• thermic effect of exercise (TEE)

The Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

the rate at which the body expends energy for metabolic maintenance activities