ALCOHOL
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27 Terms
ALCHOHOL
organic compounds in which a hydrogen atom of an aliphatic carbon is replaced with a hydroxyl group
Primary OH
Reaction of Grignard’s reagent with methanal =
Secondary OH
Reaction of Grignard’s reagent with aldehyde except methanal =
Tertiary OH
Reaction of Grignard’s reagent with ketone =
NaBH4 (Sodium borohydride)
By reduction
WHAT Reducing agent
Primary OH
Reducing agent : NaBH4 (Sodium borohydride)
Reduction of aldehyde =
Secondary OH
Reducing agent : NaBH4 (Sodium borohydride)
Reduction of ketone =
LiAlH4 (Lithium aluminum hydride)
Reduction of acid
WHAT Reducing agent?
acid
Reduction of WHAT
Reducing agent: LiAlH4 (Lithium aluminum hydride)
Lower alcohol (C1 - C4)
– Colorless and volatile liquid
– penetrating pleasant odor
Middle alcohol (C5 – C11)
– colorless, odorless, waxy solids
Higher alcohol
– flowery odor
blue flame,
All alcohols are flammable, burning with a ?
forming CO2 and water
CO2 and water
All alcohols are flammable, burning with a blue flame, forming?
Hight BP
High no. of carbon
Low BP
High branching
Primary
WHAT alcohols have a higher boiling point
hydroxyl group
The solubility of alcohol in water is governed by the WHAT present
↓ solubility
↑ no of Carbon
Lower alcohol (C1-C4)
soluble in water
Middle alcohol (C5-C11)
slightly soluble in water
Primary
WHAT alcohols are generally more acidic than secondary and tertiary alcohols
amines and alkanes
Alcohols are more acidic than
hydrogen halides
Alcohols less acidic than
15-18
The pKa for most alcohols fall in the range of?
Periodinane, CrO3, Na2Cr2O7
Oxidation of alcohols: PRIMARY & SECONDARY ALCOHOL
Oxidizing agents ARE
TERTIARY OH
No reaction
NO AVAILABLE HYDROGEN
Note 
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