ALCOHOL

ALCHOHOL

organic compounds in which a hydrogen atom of an aliphatic carbon is replaced with a hydroxyl group

Primary OH

Reaction of Grignard’s reagent with methanal =

Secondary OH

Reaction of Grignard’s reagent with aldehyde except methanal =

Tertiary OH

Reaction of Grignard’s reagent with ketone =

NaBH4 (Sodium borohydride)

By reduction

WHAT Reducing agent

Primary OH

Reducing agent : NaBH4 (Sodium borohydride)

Reduction of aldehyde =

Secondary OH

Reducing agent : NaBH4 (Sodium borohydride)

Reduction of ketone =

LiAlH4 (Lithium aluminum hydride)

Reduction of acid

WHAT Reducing agent?

acid

Reduction of WHAT

Reducing agent: LiAlH4 (Lithium aluminum hydride)

Lower alcohol (C1 - C4)

– Colorless and volatile liquid

– penetrating pleasant odor

Middle alcohol (C5 – C11)

– colorless, odorless, waxy solids

Higher alcohol

– flowery odor

blue flame,

All alcohols are flammable, burning with a ?

forming CO2 and water

CO2 and water

All alcohols are flammable, burning with a blue flame, forming?

Hight BP

High no. of carbon

Low BP

High branching

Primary

WHAT alcohols have a higher boiling point

hydroxyl group

The solubility of alcohol in water is governed by the WHAT present

↓ solubility

↑ no of Carbon

Lower alcohol (C1-C4)

soluble in water

Middle alcohol (C5-C11)

slightly soluble in water

Primary

WHAT alcohols are generally more acidic than secondary and tertiary alcohols

amines and alkanes

Alcohols are more acidic than

hydrogen halides

Alcohols less acidic than

15-18

The pKa for most alcohols fall in the range of?

Periodinane, CrO3, Na2Cr2O7

Oxidation of alcohols: PRIMARY & SECONDARY ALCOHOL

Oxidizing agents ARE

TERTIARY OH

No reaction

NO AVAILABLE HYDROGEN