Lewis Structures

electron energy level

A(n) ________ is more stable when it has more volume that it can occupy.

Electron pairs

________ are shared over several atoms, not just 2.

Lone pair

________ electrons: electrons not involved in bonding.

valence electron

Each dot on a lewis structure represents a(n) ________.

full valence shell

Key to bonding: electron sharing to achieve a(n) ________.

Elements

________ with n= or> 3- have empty d orbitals, which means more than 8 electrons can fit around the central atom.

Radical species

________: molecule with an unpaired electron.

shells

Expanded ________ are most common when the central atom is large and bonded to small, electronegative atoms.

Triple bonds

________ are usually restricted to C, N, O.

Formal charge

________: a measure of the extent to which an atom has gained or lost an electron in the process of forming a covalent bond.

Resonance

________ hybrid: a blend between two structures.

Electrons

________ are distributed in such a way that each element is surrounded by 8 ________ (an octet)

Key to bonding

electron sharing to achieve a full valence shell

Radical species

molecule with an unpaired electron

Elements with n = or > 3

have empty d orbitals, which means more than 8 electrons can fit around the central atom

Bonding electrons

electrons involved in bonding

Lone pair electrons

electrons not involved in bonding

Formal charge

a measure of the extent to which an atom has gained or lost an electron in the process of forming a covalent bond

Structures with lower absolute values of formal charges are more stable (because they have lower energy)

closest to zero

Resonance hybrid

a blend between two structures

Resonance structures

2 or more structures with the same arrangement of atoms, but a different arrangement of electrons

With resonance structures, there is no right or wrong structure

both are needed to describe the molecule

Conjugated bonds

alternating double bonds