Hypothesis Testing Overview

These flashcards cover key concepts in hypothesis testing, including hypotheses statements, types of errors, p-values, and conclusion formatting.

What is the null hypothesis in hypothesis testing?

The null hypothesis states that a parameter is equal to a specific value.

What does the alternate hypothesis represent?

The alternate hypothesis represents what we believe is different from the null hypothesis.

What notation is used for a left-tailed hypothesis?

H1: μ < value

What notation is used for a right-tailed hypothesis?

H1: μ > value

What notation is used for a two-tailed hypothesis?

H1: μ ≠ value

How do we conclude if the null hypothesis is rejected?

We conclude that the alternate hypothesis is true.

What constitutes a Type I error?

Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true.

What constitutes a Type II error?

Failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is actually false.

What is a p-value in hypothesis testing?

The p-value is the probability that the observed sample results would occur under the null hypothesis.

What does it mean if the p-value is less than or equal to the significance level?

We reject the null hypothesis.

What conclusion do we reach if the p-value is greater than the significance level?

We fail to reject the null hypothesis.

What is the significance level commonly set at in hypothesis testing?

Usually set at alpha = 0.05.

What is the role of evidence in hypothesis testing?

Evidence is used to support or reject the null hypothesis.

What is the typical format for stating a null hypothesis?

Ho: μ = specific value.

What is the typical format for stating an alternate hypothesis?

H1: μ

How do you state a conclusion if the null hypothesis is rejected?

The study supports the claim made in the alternate hypothesis.

If results show a mean weight of cereal boxes is less than labeled, what can we say if we reject Ho: μ = 20?

There is enough evidence to support the claim that the mean weight is less than 20 ounces.

If the hypothesis test fails to reject Ho: μ = 20, what can we conclude?

There is not enough evidence to support the claim that the mean weight is less than 20 ounces.

In a situation where Ho is true but is rejected, what type of error occurs?

Type I error.

If Ho is false but is not rejected, what type of error is this called?

Type II error.

Which calculator steps do you use for a Z-test?

Select Stat → Tests → Z-tests, and input data based on whether you choose Data or Stats.