history S2

Andrew Johnson

Came into office after the assassination of Lincoln/ was a democrat/ he reinstated all southern states into union if they ratify the 13th amendment/ gave land back to plantation owners.

Thaddeus Stevens

A Radical Republican who believed in harsh punishments for the South. Leader of the Radical Republicans in Congress. He also ran the Midterm election.

Sharecropping

A labor system where black and white families rent part of a plantation and the money from the harvest is divided between the landowner and the sharecropper however the money earned was less than their debts owed.

Radical Republicans vs. Democrat reconstruction.

The republicans believed in confiscating and redistributing land, stopping black codes, tax increases to pay for freedman's bureau, and giving black people voting rights. Democrats did not.

Midterm Congressional

Republicans won, they won in a super majority in both houses and could ignore Johnson's votes, ending in his impeachment.

Unification of Germany/ Blood & iron policy.

German Kingdoms unite to make an empire Blood and iron refers to their new militaristic ideals.

Weltpolitik

"World politics". The policy of making Germany a major global power through an expanding navy and the acquisition of colonies, the dream of William II.

Anglo-German arms race

Arms buildup between Germany and Great Britain, greatly opposed by liberal and socialist political fractions.

Triple Alliance

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

Militarism

Military above all philosophy, most money and resources to the Military

Nationalism

The belief that your nation is superior.

unification of Germany/blood and iron policy

Led the unification of Germany. Prime minister of Prussia. Known as "blood and iron"

David Livingstone and the 3 C's

Said that the 3 Cs should be used to help Africa

1. Commerce

2. Christianity

3. Civilization

Berlin Conference/ scramble for Africa

In 1884, the major powers of Europe met in Berlin to establish rules for the division of Africa. Any European country could claim land in Africa by notifying other nations of its claims and showing it could control the area

Tokugawa Shogunate

united Japan inn 1603, feudal military government of Japan during Edo period.

Meiji Restoration

Tokugawa Shogun steps down, Meiji imperial Fam gains control of Japan, empower Mutsuhito begins Meiji reforms.

Gunboat Diplomacy

use of US military force to open Japan for trade, ends Japanese isolationism, they agree to trade with the US.

Japanese Imperialism

social Darwinism, Japan believed that they have the right to conquer all of east Asia and the pacific, resulting in the Sino- Japanese war and occupation of Taiwan.

Russo-Japanese War & annexation of Korea

fought over control of Korea, Japan won, Teddy Roosevelt officiated the treaty ending the war. forbidden from speaking or writing in Korean for 35 years.

Overthrow of Hawiian Queen

A British cap cook "discovers" Hawaii then US farmers buy most of the land and most natives die from disease. The Hawaiian queen creates a new constitution to give the land back to native's land back. Mckinley annexes Hawaii thanks to Dole.

Philipine-American War & annexation debate.

1889 congress declares war on Philippines, the war lasted 3 years only 4000 Americans died, and 222,000 Filipinos died, America was guilty of several war crimes.

Boxer Rebellion

A 1900 Uprising in China aimed at ending foreign influence in the country.

NUMS

New age of imperialism, unification of germany, morocan crisis, serbian crisis

Unification of Germany

Moroccan crisis

Serbian crisis/the assassination archduke Franz Ferdinand.

4 groups that wanted Balkans

Ottoman empire, Russia, Austro-Hungarian empire, nationalist groups in Balkans that wanted self determination.

Moroccan Crisis

Germany was angry with the Entente (British French alliance) and wanted part of N Africa. France originally possessed Morocco and Germany almost started war over it. Germany received a sliver of west Africa and France kept Morocco.

Serbian Crisis

The Black Hand, a nationalist group in Serbia assassinated the archduke from Austria, causing Austria to invade, starting WW1.

Schlieffen Plan

A German plan to quickly invade and defeat France before they could mobilize and attack Russia, they invade through Belgium and stopped at the battle of Marne.

Non-combat and combat casualties in trench warfare

Disease was rampant in the trenches, many got trench foot.

"Going over top"

Each side would take turns attempting to invade one another's trench.

Stalemate

A situation in which no progress can be made or no advancement is possible.

Lawrence of Arabia

British military officer who incited the Arabs in Arabia to revolt against their Turkish lords.

Ideological and military tactics in Arab revolt

Guerilla warfare, and sectarian strife.

Anger with Romanovs

they were absolute monarchs who did not rule well

4 causes of US entry to WW1

Sinking of the Lustina

Unrestricted submarine warfare

Propaganda

Zimmerman telegraph

Wilsonian Doctrine

Germany should not be punished for the war, and the goal should be world peace not punishment.

Wilson's 14 Points/Treaty of Versailles and their differences.

Germany was punished harshly despite Wilson, and their military was restricted to protective measures only.

1839-1842

Britain Opens up China for trade after winning 1st Opium war.

1871

German unification

1884

Berlin Conference (scramble for Africa)

1898

Spanish-American War & debate over annexation of the Philippines, Cuba, Puerto Rico.

1905

Russo-Japanese War, Moroccan Crisis, and Bloody Sunday

1914

Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand

1916

Invention of the Tank, Battle of Somme & Verdun, Start of Arab revolt.

1917

February and October Revolutions, US entry into WW1

1918

Armistice between Allies and Germany & end of WW1

1919

Treaty of Versailles

1917-1922

Russian Civil War ending and creation of the USSR

1914-1918

WW1