Joints - Biomechanics, Chapter 1

What is another name for a joint?

Articulation

What is a joint/articulation?

Where two or more bones meet

What is the study of joints?

Arthrology

What are the actions that happen at a joint/articulation?

Rolling, spinning, and gliding

What holds joints together?

Ligaments

What are the two major forms of joints?

Diarthrodial and synarthrodial

What are Diarthrodial Joints?

Freely movable joints

What do Diarthrodial Joints contain?

Joint cavity, synovial fluid, and capsule

What are the different types of Diarthrodial Joints?

Hinge, ball-and-socket, irregular, condyloid, saddle, and pivot

What are examples of a hinge joint?

Elbow, knee, ankle

What are examples of a ball-and-socket joint?

Shoulder, hip

What are examples of an irregular joint?

Intercarpal, intertarsal, and acromioclavicular

What are examples of a condyloid joint?

Knuckles, wrist, toes, jaw

What are examples of a saddle joint?

Between the wrist and the thumb (carpometacarpal), sternoclavicular

What are examples of a pivot joint?

Atlantoaxial (neck), proximal radioulnar (elbow)

What are Synarthrodial Joints?

Immovable joints without a joint cavity

What are the three subdivisions of Synarthrodial Joints?

Suture, Cartilaginous, Ligamentous

Where are suture joints found?

Mainly in the skull

Where are cartilaginous joints found?

In the vertebrae, ribs, and pelvis

Where are ligamentous joints found?

In the foot, but also elsewhere

All of the Diarthrodial Joints are also considered what?

Synovial joints

What are the characteristics of synovial joints?

Fluid-filled joint cavity

What is the function of synovial fluid?

Lubricates joints in order to reduce friction

What is the origin of a muscle?

Attached to the immovable bone

What is the insertion of a muscle?

Attached to the movable bone

What are the types of synovial movement?

Nonaxial (slipping), uniaxial (one plane), biaxial (two planes), multiaxial (all planes)

What are the characteristics of fibrous joints?

Dense fibrous connective tissue, no cavity, and little movement

What are the different types of fibrous joints?

Sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses

What are the characteristics of cartilaginous joints?

Bones connected by cartilage, no cavity, slightly movable

What are the types of cartilaginous joints?

Synchondroses and symphyses

What do synchondroses joints contain?

Hyaline cartilage, helping with epiphyseal plates

What do symphyses joints contain?

Fibrocartilage, known to be shock absorbers