SLP Praxis Chapter 2 Phonetics and Acoustics S&R

Flashcards covering phonetics, acoustics, articulatory features, wave motion, and transcription concepts based on chapter review questions.

Standard American English Transcription of "emancipation"

/ɪmænsəpeɪʃən/

Liquids

The phonetic sound category that includes both /r/ and /l/.

/w/

A semivowel categorized as a voiced bilabial glide that is +anterior and +continuant.

Coarticulation

The influence of one phoneme on another in production and perception wherein two different articulators move simultaneously to produce two different speech sounds.

Broad Phonemic Transcription

The use of IPA symbols to transcribe phonemes by enclosing them within slash marks (e.g., /f/).

Transcription of "leave 'em"

/liv m̩/

Properties of a Medium Affecting Sound Transmission

Mass and elasticity.

Sinusoidal Wave

A sound wave that is a result of simple harmonic motion.

Natural Frequency

A frequency with which a source of sound vibrates naturally.

Octave

An indication of interval between two frequencies.

Oscillation

The back-and-forth movement of air molecules because of a vibrating object.

Fundamental Frequency

The lowest frequency of a periodic wave, also known as the first harmonic.

Complex Tone

The result when two or more sounds of differing frequencies are combined, whose vibrations may be periodic or aperiodic.

First Formant ($F1$)

The vowel formant frequency that varies mostly as a result of tongue height.

Second Formant ($F2$)

The vowel formant frequency that varies mostly as a result of tongue advancement (variation in the anterior-to-posterior position of the tongue in the oral cavity).

Harmonics

Tones in a periodic complex sound that occur over the fundamental frequency and can be characterized as whole-number multiples of the fundamental frequency.

Diacritical Marks

Markers useful in making narrow phonetic transcription that gives more detailed information on a speaker's phonetic characteristics.

Coda

The consonant sound at the end of a syllable.

First Harmonic

Another term for the fundamental frequency of a periodic wave.

Simple Harmonic Motion

The repetitive movement that results in the creation of a sinusoidal sound wave.

Narrow Phonetic Transcription

Phonetic transcription that uses diacritical marks to provide detailed information on a speaker's phonetic characteristics.

Tongue Advancement

Variation in the anterior-to-posterior position of the tongue in the oral cavity, which primarily alters $F2$.

Tongue Height

The vertical articulatory position of the tongue during vowel production, which primarily alters $F1$.

Mass

One of the two key properties of a physical medium (along with elasticity) that affects sound transmission.

Elasticity

One of the two key properties of a physical medium (along with mass) that affects sound transmission.