Chapter 6 - Eukaryotic Cell Structure

Robert Hooke

Discovered cells

Matthias Schleiden

Concluded that all plants are made of cells

Theodore Schwann

Concluded that all animals are made up of cells

Three parts of the Cell Theory

1. All living things are made of one or more cells.

2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.

3. All cells come from other cells.

Prokaryotic Cells

Lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

Example of a prokaryote

Bacteria

Eukaryotic Cells

Contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

Nucleus

Contain DNA and control cell activities

Cell Membrane

Controls what enters and leaves the cell

Cytoplasm

Jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended

Nucleolus

Inside the nucleus, produces ribosomes.

Simplest type of cell

Prokaryote

How many chromosomes do prokaryotes have?

One chromosome

Ribosomes

Sites of protein synthesis.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Rough ER (with ribosomes) modifies proteins

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Makes lipids and regulates calcium

Golgi Apparatus:

Modifies, sorts, and ships proteins and lipids.

Lysosomes

Contain digestive enzymes to break down waste.

Mitochondria

Powerhouse of the cell

Chloroplasts

Found in plants, capture sunlight for photosynthesis.

Vacuoles

Storage spaces; large central vacuole in plant cells stores water and maintains pressure.

Cell Wall

Rigid structure outside the cell membrane in plant cells, providing extra support.

Plant Cells have ______

Cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole

Animal cells have _______

Lysosomes, centrioles, and some vacuoles