Oral Communication Chapter 1

communication

the process of generating meaning by sending and receiving verbal and nonverbal symbols and signs that are influenced by multiple contexts.

the arts of rhetoric

misleading, false, or unethical communication / persuasive communication.

invention

use of evidence and arguments to think about things in new ways and is the most studied of the five canons.

arrangement

organization of speech with language.

delivery

verbal and physical characteristics.

memory

retain and repeat large amount of information.

group communication

communication between three or more people interacting to achieve a shared goal.

public communication

sender-focused form of communication from one person to a whole audience.

mass communication

public communications but on the internet, tv, newspaper.

Channels

Sensory route through which messages travel to the receiver for decoding.

Feedback

Messages sent in response to other messages.

Feedback loop

Leads to a more complex understanding of the roles of participants in a communication encounter.

Physical context

The environmental factors in a communication encounter.

Psychological context

Mental and emotional factors in a communication encounter.

Social context

Stated rules or unstated norms that guide communication.

Norms

Social conventions that we pick up on through observation, practice, and trial and error.

Relational Context

Includes previous interpersonal history and the type of relationship we have with a person.

Cultural Context

Involves various aspects of identities such as race, gender, and nationality.

Communication Value

The importance of communication in real-world situations and daily life.

Irreversibility of Communication

Communication is irreversible and unrepeatable.

Civic Engagement

Working to make a difference in our communities by improving the quality of life of community members.

Physical Needs

The need to keep our bodies and minds functioning.

Instrumental Needs

Needs that help us get things done in our day-to-day lives and achieve short and long term goals.

Relational Needs

Needs that help us maintain social bonds and interpersonal relationships.

Identity Needs

Need to present ourselves to others and be thought of in particular and desired way.

Communication Process

Involves an interchange of verbal and/or nonverbal messages within a continuous and dynamic sequence of events.

Cultural Values

How we learn to communicate.

Symbolic Communication

Learned, negotiated, and dynamic communication that does not directly correspond to something in reality.

Competence

Involves verbal and nonverbal elements but applies in many situations and contexts.

Intrapersonal Communication

Inner voice, self-talk, and self-reflection.

Interpersonal Communication

Communication that occurs between individuals.

Mass Communication

Includes social media, newspapers, and news on television and the radio.

Encoding

The process of converting information into language, pictures, or non-verbal communication.

Decoding

The process of interpreting the encoded message.

Intentional Communicator

A communicator who is deliberate in their communication choices.

Noise

Anything that distracts you from receiving a message.

Environmental Noise

Distractions from the physical environment, such as temperature or smells.

Semantic Noise

Disruptions between the sender and the receiver, such as language barriers.

Psychological Noise

Distractions caused by mental health issues, such as stress or anxiety.

Physical Noise

Distractions caused by physical discomfort or pain.