Counseling Test 2

Counselors have complex theories of (MELOE):

• Metaphysics

• Ethics

• Logic

• Ontology

• Epistemology

___, ___ ___ ___, and ___ come from psychoanalytic theory

Catharsis, unconscious defense mechanisms, and ego

Freud introduced the concept of different levels of ___ that motivate behavior.

awareness

What are the 3 regions of the mind according to Freud? (ConPreUn)

Conscious, Preconscious, and Unconscious

What are the three parts of the psyche according to Freud, and what do they control?

Id - Instinct 

Ego - Logic

Superego - Conscious and unconscious morality

Defense mechanisms guard the ___ and manage ___.

ego, anxiety

The focus of person-centered therapy is on ___

effect

Person-centered therapy emphasizes client ___ and ___.

autonomy and responsibility

Active listening does what 3 things? (HCE)

• Helps the client feel understood

• Clarifies exploration of feelings

• Encourages self-exploration

Gestalt Therapy emphasizes what 3 things?

• “What” and “how”

• “Here and now” 

• Impact of unfinished business

Gestalt Therapy describes human existence in terms of ___

awareness

Early research into behavioral counseling translated action into ___ ___ ___

systemic client change

What were the three founders of behavioral counseling and what did they do? (IJB)

Pavlov - Salivating dogs

Watson - Scaring infants

Skinner - Ping-pong pigeons

Behavioral counseling involves which 3 new skills?

• Reinforcement strategies 

• Social modeling 

• Contingency management 

What is the goal of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy(CBT)?

To identity and change irrational thinking patterns

What do the letters in ABCD Theory stand for in Rational Emotive Therapy Behavior (RETB)?

A = Activating Emotional Experience

B = Belief of experience

C = Consequences 

D = Disputing irrational beliefs

Who developed Reality Therapy?

William Glasser

What assumption is Reality Therapy based on?

Everyone develops either a “success” or “failure” identity

What three terms describe the role of counselors in Reality Therapy? (ADC)

Active, Directive, and Cognitive

Most counseling theories are useful in understanding ___ and ___

people and behavior

33 - 70% of counselors describe themselves as ___, or integrative in orientation

eclectic

Counseling students experiment with a variety of theories before developing a ___ approach

personal

Theoretical integration derives from:

• Proliferation of counseling theories

• Need for short-term models

• Counselor’s personal qualities

• Inadequacy of a single theory

Who founded Transpersonal Therapy?

Maslow, Grof, Wilbur, and Jung

Transpersonal Therapy merges ___ spiritual values, ___, ___ therapy, and ___ techniques

Eastern, philosophy, cognitive, behavioral

Most counseling theories were developed through the insights of ___

clinicians

Clinicians develop new theories to express their ___ and ___

personalities and experience

Effectiveness of counseling models depend on what?

counselor’s belief in the theory’s effectiveness

The role of a ___ influences development

mentor

Most students experience ___ when beginning to study a counseling theory

confusion

Listening and assessing involves what things? (FLAF)

• Familiarizing yourself with the client’s world  

• Learning about past events and developmental issues

• Assessing the client’s strengths and weaknesses

• Formulating a working diagnostic impression

Assessment involves, reflects, and includes what?

• Involves functions and qualities

• Reflects aspects of the individual

• Includes a variety of information